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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ewha Med J</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>The Ewha Medical Journal</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Ewha Med J</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2234-3180</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2234-2591</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Ewha Womans University School Medicine</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12771/emj.2021.44.4.144</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">emj-44-4-144</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Images and Solution</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Focal Acral Hyperkeratosis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-9474</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Byun</surname><given-names>Ji Yeon</given-names></name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff"/>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-7643</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Rosa</given-names></name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8436-1505</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Min Young</given-names></name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-3889</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>You Won</given-names></name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-2539</contrib-id>
<name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>Hae Young</given-names></name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff"/>
</contrib></contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><bold>Corresponding author</bold> Ji Yeon Byun, Department of Dermatology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07985, Korea Tel: 82-2-2650-5159, Fax: 82-2-2652-6925, E-mail: <email xlink:href="jybyun@ewha.ac.kr">jybyun@ewha.ac.kr</email></corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<day>31</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>144</fpage>
<lpage>145</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>13</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>06</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>06</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#169; 2021 Ewha Womans University School of Medicine.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
</article-meta>
</front>

<body>
<sec sec-type="body">
<title/>
<p>A 29-year-old woman presented with skin lesions on both hands lasted for 1 year. Her past and family history were unremarkable. On skin examination, there were multiple asymptomatic yellow flat discrete papules and plaques along the lateral aspect of both hands (<xref rid="F1" ref-type="fig">Fig. 1</xref>). Skin biopsy revealed focally depressed epidermis with marked hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis (<xref rid="F2" ref-type="fig">Fig. 2A</xref>). Elastic fiber stain showed normal elastic fibers (<xref rid="F2" ref-type="fig">Fig. 2B</xref>). Based on clinical and histologic findings, the diagnosis of focal acral hyperkeratosis (FAH) was made. The patient was prescribed with topical retinoids and topical keratolytics and showed limited improvement.</p>
<p>FAH is a type of palmoplantar keratoderma, characterized by abnormal thickening of the palms and soles. It occurs both sporadically and as an autosomal dominant genodermatosis. Clinically, multiple skin colored to yellow papules and plaques are localized to the margins of the hands and feet. Histologically, it shows a pronounced hyperkeratosis over a crateriform epidermal depression without dermal change [<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>].</p>
<p>FAH is often considered to be a variant of acrokeratoelastoidosis, although their relationship is controversial. The differential diagnosis with acrokeratoelastoidosis can be made by the absence of elastorrhexis in FAH [<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>].</p>
<p>Clinically, FAH should be differentiated from verruca vulgaris, but the absence of koilocytes and parakeratosis on histopathologic examination disapproved the possibility of verruca vulgaris in this case.</p>
<p>FAH is a benign condition, yet there is no effective treatment for FAH. Conservative treatment can be tried since this condition is potentially disfiguring. Topical keratolytics, topical retinoids and systemic retinoids are prescribed to decrease hyperkeratosis and relieve symptoms [<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>].</p>
</sec>
</body>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>REFERENCES</title>
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<sec sec-type="display-objects">
<title>Figures</title>
<fig id="F1" position="float">
<label>Fig. 1</label>
<caption>
<p>Clinical findings. Multiple yellow flat discrete papules and plaques were observed along the lateral aspect of both hands.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="emj-44-4-144-f1.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="F2" position="float">
<label>Fig. 2</label>
<caption>
<p>Histologic findings. (A) Focal depression of epidermis is observed with marked hyperkeratosis and hypergranulosis (H&#38;E, &#215;40). (B) There is no alteration of elastic fibers (Verhoeff-van Gieson, &#215;100).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="emj-44-4-144-f2.tif"/>
</fig>
</sec>
</back>
</article>