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<article xml:lang="EN" article-type="case-report">

<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Cardiovasc Imaging</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCVI</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2586-7210</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2586-7296</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Korean Society of Echocardiography</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>

<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e44</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Images in Cardiovascular Disease</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm with Fistulization into the Right Atrium: a Complication of Prosthetic Mitral Perivalvular Abscess</article-title>
</title-group>

<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7008-054X</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Yoo</surname>
<given-names>Jae-Suk</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>

<contrib contrib-type="author">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2770-2021</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Ali</surname>
<given-names>Yehia Z.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>

<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="true">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-8685</contrib-id>
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Kyung-Hee</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>

<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, <country>Korea</country>.</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, <country>USA</country>.</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, <country>Korea</country>.</aff>

<author-notes>
<corresp>Address for Correspondence: Kyung-Hee Kim, MD, PhD. Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Sejong General Hospital, 28 Hohyeon-ro 489beon-gil, Bucheon 14754, Korea. <email>learnbyliving9@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>

<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>02</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
      <fpage>290</fpage>
      <lpage>291</lpage>

<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>12</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>21</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</date>
</history>

<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2019 Korean Society of Echocardiography</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Korean Society of Echocardiography</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>



</article-meta>
</front>

<body>
<p>A 65-year-old female presented to the emergency room with fever and dyspnea for one week. The patient had a history of double aortic and mitral valve replacement 27 years prior to presentation and was started on warfarin since then. Four months before presentation the patient underwent spinal acupuncture which was complicated by epidural hematoma and paraplegia. Subsequently, the patient developed urinary retention and a Foley catheter was placed for three months, during which the patient developed a urinary tract infection. Urinary tract infection was not controlled and became metastatic infection to blood. As part of her workup, transthoracic echocardiography was performed and showed an abnormal fistula connection between the left ventricle and right atrium (yellow arrow, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1A</xref>). Abnormal flow between the left ventricle and right atrium was also demonstrated on color flow Doppler (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1B</xref>, <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="S1">Movie 1</xref>). A transesophageal echocardiogram showed highly mobile masses on the mitral valve. Blood cultures were drawn, and antibiotic treatment was modified for suspected bacterial endocarditis. Computed tomography showed a fistulous tract between the left ventricle and right atrium (yellow arrows, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1C</xref>; red arrow indicating prosthetic mitral valve). Blood cultures came back positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumonia, and the patient was started on meropenem. After discussion, it was decided to proceed with a redo of aortic and mitral valve replacement, conventional aorto-mitral reconstruction, and fistula tract obliteration. The postoperative course was uncomplicated and the patient was doing well on follow-up visits.</p>
</body>

<back>

<sec sec-type="supplementary-material">
<title>SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL</title>
<supplementary-material id="S1" content-type="local-data">
<caption>
<title>Movie 1</title>
<p>Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography, tilted parasternal short-axis view showing communication of the abscess cavity to the left ventricle and right atrium.</p>
</caption>
<media mimetype="application" mime-subtype="avi" xlink:href="jcvi-27-290-s001.avi"/>
</supplementary-material>
</sec>

</back>

<floats-group>
<fig id="F1" position="float" fig-type="figure">
<?Figure Large?>
<label>Figure 1</label>
<caption>
<title>(A) Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography in tilted apical four-chamber view, showing abscess of the medial mitral annulus and its opening into RA. (B) Color jet from medial mitral annulus to RA. (C) Cardiac CT showed a fistulous tract between the medial mitral annulus and RA. Yellow arrows indicate fistula tract. Red arrow indicates mechanical mitral valve. LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle, RA: right atrium, RV: right ventricle.</title>
</caption>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jcvi-27-290-g001"></graphic>
</fig>
</floats-group>

</article>

 

