J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs JKACHN Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 1225-9594 2288-4203 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.3.377 Original Article Effects of a Group-based Parenting Support Program for Infant and Toddler Parents: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5762-7993 Park SunHwa 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5495-3291 Park Seong-Hi 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-5107 June Kyung Ja 2 Doctoral Course Student, Graduate School, School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea. Professor, School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea. Corresponding author: June, Kyung Ja. School of Nursing, Soonchunhyang University, 31 Soonchunhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu Cheonan 31151, Korea. Tel: +82-41-570-2495, Fax: +82-41-570-2498, kjajune@sch.ac.kr 09 2019 30 09 2019 30 3 377 389 22 05 2019 21 08 2019 22 08 2019 © 2019 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2019 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose

Group-based interventions help the members of the parent group work together to share their parenting stress, provide opportunities for them to support each other emotionally and informatively, and allow them to achieve what they want to accomplish. The purpose of this study is to investigate and synthesize the outcome of a parenting support program for infant and toddler parents.

 Methods

Published randomized control trials were identified through Ovid-Medline, Embase and CINAHL DB. Eligible studies include articles published between 2008 and 2018 in English in the randomized controlled trial design in which parenting support programs were implemented for infant and toddler parents group.

 Results

A total of 11 studies was selected for this review. These programs reported large level of effect size for parenting, and middle level effect size for parent's psycho-social outcomes and child development. There were many programs conducted for parents with infants between 13 and 24 months, and the frequency of programs provided for 2 hours a week was high with 9 to 12 sessions. Most programs were facilitated by trained professionals including nurses and social workers except two programs led by lay persons.

 Conclusion

This review demonstrates that group-based parenting support programs have positive effects on parenting, parent's psychosocial health and infant development. To disseminate the effective group-based parenting support programs, further research is needed to confirm the long term effect and develop nurse's role as a group facilitator.

 Parenting Infant Social support Peer group Systematic review

IRB approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Soonchunhyang University (IRBNo.: 201711-SB-048-01).

 Appendix List of Studies Included for Final Review

1. Aboud FE, Moore AC, Akhter S. Effectiveness of a community- based responsive feeding programme in rural Bangladesh: A cluster randomized field trial. Maternal and Child Nutrition. 2008;4:275-286.

2. Barnes J, Stuart J, Allen E, Petrou S, Sturgess J, Barlow J, et al. Randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation of nurseled group support for young mothers during pregnancy and the first year postpartum versus usual care. Trials. 2017;18:1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2259-y

3. Bert SC, Farris JR, Borkowski JG. Parent training: implementation strategies for adventures in parenting. Journal of Primary Prevention. 2008;29(3):243-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-008-0135-y

4. Gridley N, Hutchings J, Baker-Henningham H. The incredible years parent-toddler programme and parental language: a randomized controlled trial. Child: Care, Health & Development. 2015;41(1):103-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12153

5. Hackworth N, Berthelsen D, Matthews J, Westrupp E, Cann W, Ukoumunne O. Impact of a brief group intervention to enhance parenting and the home learning environment for children aged 6-36months: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science. 2017;18(3):337-349. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-017-0753-9

6. Hutchings J, Griffith N, Bywater T, Williams ME. Evaluating the incredible years toddler parenting programme with parents of toddlers in disadvantaged (Flying Start) areas of Wales. Child: Care, Health & Development. 2017;43(1):104-113. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12415

7. McFarlane E, Burrell L, Duggan A, Tandon D. Outcomes of a randomized trial of a cognitive behavioral enhancement to address maternal distress in home visited mothers. Maternal & Child Health Journal. 2017;21(3):475-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-016-2125-7

8. Niccols A. 'Right from the Start': Randomized trial comparing an attachment group intervention to supportive home visiting. The Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry. 2008;49(7):754- 764. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01888.x

9. Shapiro AF, Nahm EY, Gottman JM, Content K. Bringing baby home together: Examining the impact of a couple-focused intervention on the dynamics within family play. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2011;81(3):337-350. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2011.01102.x

10. Singla DR, Kumbakumba E, Aboud FE. Effects of a parenting intervention to address maternal psychological wellbeing and child development and growth in rural Uganda: A community- based, cluster randomised trial. The Lancet. Global Health. 2015;3(8):e458-e469. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(15)00099-6

11. Wake M, Tobin S, Girolametto L, Ukoumunne OC, Gold L, Levickis P. Outcomes of population based language promotion for slow to talk toddlers at ages 2 and 3 years: Let's learn language cluster randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal(Online). 2011;343:d4741 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4741

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General Characteristics & Characteristics of Intervent (<italic>N</italic>=11)

†Overlapping count.

 Characteristics of Outcome Variables (<italic>N</italic>=11)

†Overlapping count. ‡Described significant results in study, §Described effect size according to significant variables (d or odds ratio).

 Characteristics of Outcome Variables by Each Articles (<italic>N</italic>=11)

†Children age; ‡Weeks; §Described significant results in study; ∥Described subgroup significant results in study; Described effect size according to significant variables.