JKAN Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing J Korean Acad Nurs 2005-3673 2093-758X Korean Society of Nursing Science 10.4040/jkan.2019.49.4.461 jkan-49-461 Original Article Effectiveness of Health Promotion Program Using Action Planning Strategy for Young Adults KimSu Hyun KimMin Ji KimSang Hee KimSo Yeon ParkChae Yeon BangJee Yun College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea Address reprint requests to : Kim, Su Hyun College of Nursing · Research Institute of Nursing Science, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Korea Tel: +82-53-420-4928 Fax: +82-53-421-2758 E-mail: suhyun_kim@knu.ac.kr 012019 15012019 494 461471 310120192805201929052019 Copyright © 2019 Korean Society of Nursing Science 2019 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium. Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy for young adults.

 Methods

A non-equivalent control group pre-post-test design was used. One hundred three university students participated in the study. Participants in the experimental group (n=51) were provided the health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy for five weeks. The program consisted of weekly sessions that included action planning and group feedback. The control group (n=52) was provided with health information every week for 5 weeks. Program outcomes, including self-efficacy, physical activity health behaviors, total exercise time per week, daily cigarette consumption, frequency of alcohol drinking per month, nutritional health behaviors, and subjective health status, were assessed at baseline and at follow-up after 5 weeks.

 Results

The participants in the experimental group demonstrated significant increases in self-efficacy, physical activity health behaviors, weekly exercise time, and nutritional health behaviors and significant decreases in daily cigarette consumption than those in the control group.

 Conclusion

The health promotion program utilizing action planning strategy is a brief and effective intervention to promote health behaviors among young adults. Further investigation is warranted to assess the program's effectiveness among other age groups and populations at high risk for chronic illness.

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Conceptual framework of the study.

Participant flow diagram.

The Component of the Health Promotion Program Utilizing Action Planning Strategy

Session Construct Component Method Performer Time (min)
1 - Opening ceremony Announcement Peer leader 5
Social modeling Introducing “Put Your Health UP” program Demonstration Peer leader 10
Mastery experience, social modeling Setting a goal and making an action plan with a partner Peer discussion, documentation Participants 10
Social modeling Presenting an action plan to full group Group presentation Participants 10
2~4 Verbal persuasion Feedback & problem solving in a group Group discussion Peer leader, participants 10
Mastery experience, social modeling Setting a goal and making an action plan with a partner Peer discussion, documentation Participants 10
Social modeling Presenting an action plan to full group Group presentation Participants 10
Verbal persuasion Encouragement of carrying out action plan by phone message Text messaging Peer leader -
5 Verbal persuasion Feedback & problem solving in a group Group discussion Peer leader, participants 10
Mastery experience, social modeling Setting up a new action plan with a partner Peer discussion, documentation Participants 10
Social modeling Presenting an action plan to full group Group presentation Participants 10
- Completion ceremony Announcement Peer leader 5

Characteristics of the Participants at Baseline and Comparisons between the Groups

Characteristics Exp. (n=51) Cont. (n=52) Total (N=103) χ2/t/U p
n (%) or M±SD
Age (yr) 23.14±1.65 22.06±1.73 22.59±1.77 3.32 .002
Gender
   Male 29 (56.9) 16 (30.8) 45 (43.7) 7.13 .008
   Female 22 (43.1) 36 (69.2) 58 (56.3)
Grade
   Freshman 2 (3.9) 10 (19.2) 12 (11.7) 6.85 .077
   Sophomore 14 (27.5) 16 (30.8) 30 (29.1)
   Junior 24 (47.0) 17 (32.7) 41 (39.8)
   Senior 11 (21.6) 9 (17.3) 20 (19.4)
Major
   Nursing 10 (19.6) 15 (28.8) 25 (24.3) 7.12 .790
   Engineering 16 (31.4) 10 (19.3) 26 (25.2)
   Economics & business 9 (17.6) 10 (19.2) 19 (18.4)
   Humanities 8 (15.7) 10 (19.2) 18 (17.6)
   Agriculture sciences 6 (11.8) 7 (13.5) 13 (12.6)
   Music and arts 2 (3.9) 0 (0.0) 2 (1.9)
Living arrangement
   Home 21 (41.2) 25 (48.1) 46 (44.7) 1.71 .636
   Dormitory 15 (29.4) 12 (23.1) 27 (26.2)
   Rent house 15 (29.4) 14 (26.9) 29 (28.1)
   Relative’s house 0 (0.0) 1 (1.9) 1 (1.0)
Monthly allowance (10,000 won) 36.33±10.94 36.65±16.47 35.50±13.94 -0.12 .908
Exercise status
   Exercising 21 (41.2) 22 (42.4) 43 (41.7) 1.10 .577
   Not exercising 19 (37.2) 15 (28.8) 34 (33.0)
   Exercised in the past 11 (21.6) 15 (28.8) 26 (25.3)
Total exercise time (minutes per week) 41.56±44.92 51.30±50.71 46.48±47.92 921.50† .351†
Drinking frequency (per month) 4.41±3.63 4.29±3.36 4.35±3.48 1319.00† .965†
Smoking status
   Currently smoking 6 (11.8) 7 (13.5) 13 (12.6) 0.41 .814
   Never smoked 44 (86.3) 43 (82.7) 87 (84.5)
   Had smoked in the past 1 (1.9) 2 (3.8) 3 (2.9)
Cigarette consumption (per day)†† 0.96±2.95 1.35±3.55 1.16±3.26 1295.00† .723†
Self-efficacy for health practices 77.29±12.12 82.08±8.55 79.71±10.69 -2.32 .022
Subjective physical condition 2.82±0.91 3.29±0.75 3.06±0.86 -2.83 .006
Body mass index 22.60±2.86 21.38±2.64 21.99±2.80 2.25 .027

M=Mean; SD=Standard deviation; Exp.=Experimental group; Cont.=Control group.

Mann-Whitney U test;

analyzed for the current smokers (n=13).

Comparisons of Outcome Variables between Experimental and Control Groups

Variables Group M±SD Adjusted mean difference between baseline and follow-upa Exp. vs. Cont. (95% CI) p Partial h2
Baseline Follow-up at 5 weeks
Self-efficacy Exp. 77.29±12.12 89.12±12.64 5.39 (0.91 to 9.86) .019 0.11
Cont. 82.08±8.55 84.50±8.30
Physical activity behaviors Exp. 1.92±0.73 2.89±0.73 0.66 (0.39 to 0.92) <.001 0.20
Cont. 2.10±0.58 2.23±0.52
Total time of physical activity Exp. 41.56±44.92 57.35±37.12 21.32 (1.91 to 40.74) .032 0.06
(minutes per week) Cont. 51.30±50.71 45.60±47.79
Drinking frequency (per month) Exp. 4.41±3.63 4.12±3.15 -0.24 (-1.39 to 0.91) .681 0.01
Cont. 4.29±3.36 3.87±3.32
Cigarette consumption (per day)† Exp. 0.96±2.95 0.59±2.38 -2.63 (-5.23 to -0.04) .047 0.37
Cont. 1.35±3.55 1.33±3.50
Nutritional behaviors Exp. 2.06±0.47 2.59±0.66 0.33 (0.11 to 0.56) .005 0.08
Cont. 2.17±0.47 2.35±0.47
Subjective physical condition Exp. 2.82±0.91 3.57±0.94 0.35 (0.04 to 0.66) .030 0.05
Cont. 3.29±0.75 3.39±0.60

M=Mean; SD=Standard deviation; 95% CI=95% confidence interval; Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and baseline score of each outcome variable;

Analyzed for the current smokers (n=13).