J Korean Acad Oral Health JKAOH Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 1225-388X 2093-7784 Korean Academy of Oral Health 10.11149/jkaoh.2019.43.2.63 Original Article Caries reduction effect of permanent teeth from community water fluoridation program for 17 years in Jinju city https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-0742 Ok Tae-Young 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4498-6030 Kwon Yong-Bong 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1571-4762 Kim Ji-Soo 1 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9683-352X Kim Se-Yeon 1 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4737-7150 Lee Jung-Ha 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-5894 Kim Han-Na 3 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8619-2741 Kim Jin-Bom 1 2 Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea. BK21 PLUS Project, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea. Department of Dental Hygiene, Cheongju University College of Health and Medical Sciences, Cheongju, Korea. Corresponding Author: Jin-Bom Kim. Department of Preventive & Community Dentistry, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan 50612, Korea. Tel: +82-51-510-8223, Fax: +82-51-510-8221, jbomkim@pusan.ac.kr 06 2019 28 06 2019 43 2 63 71 08 03 2019 26 04 2019 13 05 2019 Copyright © 2019 by Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2019 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objectives

The community water fluoridation program was implemented in 1998 in Jinju city. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of this 17-year community water fluoridation program on caries reduction in permanent teeth.

 Methods

Evaluation surveys were conducted in 2015 on subjects aged 8, 10, 12, and 15 years in Jinju city. The examined dental data were compared with that of subjects of the same age groups living in the medium-sized cities from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) (2013–2015). The total number of subjects was 1,026 in Jinju city and 453 in the control group. The odds ratio of caries experience rate and untreated tooth rate on permanent teeth in Jinju city compared to control group was estimated based on the differences in DMF and untreated teeth rates after adjusting for gender, age, and mean number of fissure-sealed teeth. The effect of community water fluoridation program on caries reduction in permanent teeth was estimated by the differences in adjusted DMFT scores between the program and control groups.

 Results

The odds ratio of caries experience rate and untreated tooth rate on permanent teeth in Jinju city compared to control group was estimated as 0.501 and 0.178, respectively. The effect of community water fluoridation program on caries reduction in permanent teeth was estimated as 40.0%.

 Conclusions

These results suggested that the effect of community water fluoridation program on caries reduction in permanent teeth in Jinju city was so high that similar programs should be developed in other regions in Korea.

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*Subjects living in Dong (downtown) districts from the Sixth Survey of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) conducted by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

†Subjects in Jinju City.

‡Obtained from Chi-squared test.

 Rate of subjects with fissure-sealed teeth and mean number of fissure-sealed teeth

*Subjects living in Dong (downtown) districts from the Sixth Survey of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) conducted by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

†Subjects in Jinju City.

‡Obtained from Chi-squared test.

§Standard error.

∥Obtained from independent samples t-test.

 Rate of subjects with decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth and subjects with untreated decayed permanent teeth

*DMF rate means rate of subjects with decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth.

†Untreated D rate means rate of subjects with untreated decayed permanent teeth.

‡Subjects living in Dong (downtown) districts from the Sixth Survey of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) conducted by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

§Subjects in Jinju City.

∥Obtained from Chi-squared test.

 Mean number of decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth (DMFT index)

*Subjects living in Dong (downtown) districts from the Sixth Survey of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2015) conducted by Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

†Subjects in Jinju City.

‡Standard deviation.

§Obtained from independent samples t-test.

 Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and confidence intervals of variables related to rate of subjects with dental caries experience on permanent dentition<sup>*</sup>

AOR, adjusted odds ratios; CI, confidence interval.

*Obtained from binomial logistic regression model.

 Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and confidence intervals of variables related to rate of subjects with untreated decayed permanent teeth<sup>*</sup>

AOR, adjusted odds ratios; CI, confidence interval.

*Obtained from binomial logistic regression model.

 Adjusted mean numbers of decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth and caries reduction fraction in permanent dentition

*C=[(A−B)/A]×100.

†ANCOVA (analysis of covariance), Covariates: age, gender, number of fissure-sealed teeth.

‡ANCOVA (analysis of covariance); Covariates, gender, number of fissuresealed teeth.