J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc JKNA Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1015-4817 2289-0963 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 10.4306/jknpa.2019.58.2.76 Special Article The Clinical Use of Electroencephalography in Psychiatry Basics of Electroencephalography for Neuropsychiatrist Eun Hun Jeong MD PhD DBA Department of Neuropsychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center-Jesus Hospital, Jeonju, Korea. Address for correspondence: Hun Jeong Eun, MD, PhD, DBA. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Presbyterian Medical Center-Jesus Hospital, 365 Seowon-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju 54987, Korea. Tel +82-63-230-1550, Fax +82-63-230-1568, pmcnp96@gmail.com 05 2019 31 05 2019 58 2 76 104 04 05 2019 07 05 2019 13 05 2019 Copyright © 2019 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2019 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association

In 1924, Hans Berger, a German psychiatrist, recorded the brain waves from a human brain for the first time. Many advances have been made in this field since then. Currently, brain waves are generated by a variety of computer technologies, including brain computer interface technology, and robot or artificial intelligence technology has also made amazing progress. A mental health practitioner who deals with brain-related medicine has an obligation and responsibility to research and find clinical applications of brain waves because they contain a great deal of information hidden in the brain. Therefore, understanding the basics of electroencephalography will contribute to a determination and resolution of various clinical situations. This review discusses basic knowledge before dealing with brain waves. In addition to a visual inspection of general brain waves, quantitative analysis of brain waves is expected to become an important area of interest for mental health practitioners.

 Electroencephalography Brain waves Brain mapping

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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Bipolar derivation of EEG and phase reversal (C). G1 : Input terminal 1, G2 : Input terminal 2, EEG : Electoencephalography. International 10–20 system and electrode placement for neonatal recording (modified). The International 10–20 system and electrode placement modified for neonates. Some laboratories use an alternative location for the position of the frontal polar electrodes. The ‘Fp3’ is located halfway between the locations of FP1 and F3. The ‘Fp4’ is halfway between the positions of FP2 and F4. Note also that not all laboratories utilize the Pz electrode.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44)</xref> Modified combinatorial nomenclature for the 10–10 system. Adapted from Acharya et al. J Clin Neurophysiol 2016;33:308–311.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47)</xref> International 10–20 electoencephalography system.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7)</xref> Electrode placements by international 10–20 electoencephalography system. An example of analysis result of quantitative electroencephalography. Examples of normal and abnormal EEG. EEG : Electoencephalography. Standard LB Montages<sup>*</sup>

*10–10 electrode position nomenclature with 10–20 nomenclature in parentheses. Adapted from Acharya et al. J Clin Neurophysiol 2016;33:312–316.40) ECG : Electrocardiogram, LB : Longitudinal bipolar

 Standard TB Montages<sup>*</sup>

*10–10 electrode position nomenclature with 10–20 nomenclature in parentheses. Adapted from Acharya et al. J Clin Neurophysiol 2016;33:312–316.40) ECG : Electrocardiogram, TB : Transverse bipolar

 Standard Referential Montages-Ear Reference<sup>*</sup>

*10–10 electrode position nomenclature with 10–20 nomenclature in parentheses. Adapted from Acharya et al. J Clin Neurophysiol 2016;33:312–316.40) ECG : Electrocardiogram

 Suggested Referential Montages-Cz Reference<sup>*</sup>

*10–10 electrode position nomenclature with 10–20 nomenclature in parentheses. Adapted from Acharya et al. J Clin Neurophysiol 2016;33:312–316.40) ECG : Electrocardiogram

 Neonatal montage examples

10–10 system nomenclature, with 10–20 system nomenclature in parentheses. Adapted from Kuratani et al. J Clin Neurophysiol 2016;33:320–323.45) ECG : Electrocardiogram, EMG : Electromyography

 Electrode numbers and position names (10–20) related to anatomical positions in brain Comparison of electroencephalography bands Developmental features of neonatal EEG

CA : Conceptional age, EEG : Electoencephalography, REM : Rapid eye movement, NREM : Nonrapid eye movement

 Items to include in an EEG report

Adapted from Kaplan et al. Neurology 2013;80:S43–S46.99) EEG : Electroencephalography, ECG : Electrocardiogram, EMG : Electromyography