Korean J Health Promot KJHP Korean Journal of Health Promotion 2234-2141 2093-5676 Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 10.15384/kjhp.2019.19.1.39 Original Article The Level of Successful Aging and Influencing Factors of the Community Elderly Cha Kyeong-Sook Lee Hung Sa Kim Chunmi Kim Eun Man Department of Nursing Science, Sun Moon University, Asan, Korea. Corresponding author: Hung Sa Lee, PhD. Department of Nursing Science, Sun Moon University, 70 Sunmoon-ro 221beon-gil, Tangjeong-myeon, Asan 31460, Korea. Tel: +82-41-530-2742, Fax: +82-41-530-2745, leehj57@hanmail.net 03 2019 31 03 2019 19 1 39 48 28 02 2019 28 03 2019 28 03 2019 Copyright © 2019 Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention 2019 Korean Society for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background

The purpose of this study was to understand the level of successful aging and to analyze the factors that affect successful aging.

 Methods

This study was a descriptive study. The data collection of this study using questionnaires was from October 1, 2017 to December 30, 2017, and the 169 elderly people living in Chungcheongnam-do were surveyed.

 Results

The mean level of successful aging of the subjects was 3.57 (±0.58), which was higher than the median, it was significantly different among the presence of religion, participation in senior facility, regular exercise, pain, and subjective health status. Regression analysis showed that the factors that have the greatest influence on the successful aging of the subjects were the participation in senior facility (β=0.24, P<0.001), self-esteem support (β=0.20, P=0.024), emotional support (β=0.19, P=0.048), regular exercise (β=0.19, P=0.002), and pain (β=−0.14. P=0.029). The explanatory power of these variables on successful aging was 53% (F=20.37, P<0.001).

 Conclusions

This study showed that emotional support and support for self-esteem were important in successful aging, and that pain, which was not considered in previous studies, was an important factor.

 Aged Pain Social support Aging Statistics Korea The proportion of elderly population [Internet] Daejon Statistics Korea 2017 cited 2017 April 20 Available from: https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1BPA002&vw_cd=&list_id=&scrId=&seqNo=&lang_mode=ko&obj_var_id=&itm_id=&conn_path=E1 Jang SN Chronic illnesses and limited daily activities in the Korean elderly Health and Welfare Policy Forum 2015 225 6 17 Rowe JW Kahn RL Successful aging New York Pantheon Books 1998 11 58 Young Y Fan MY Parrish JM Frick KD Validation of a novel successful aging construct J Am Med Dir Assoc 2009 10 5 314 322 Baltes PB Baltes MM Successful aging: perspectives from the behavioral sciences Victoria Cambridge University Press 1990 50 93 Kim DB The study on the development of the Korean elderly's successful aging scale Korean Journal of Social Welfare 2008 60 1 211 231 Dahany MM Dramé M Mahmoudi R Novella JL Ciocan D Kanagaratnam L Factors associated with successful aging in persons aged 65 to 75 years Eur Geriatr Med 2014 5 365 370 Shin YH Lee HJ Factors associated with successful aging of Korean older people living in a city Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society 2009 29 4 1327 1340 Ahn OH Cha HG Chang SJ Kim HS Jang EH Factors affecting successful aging in rural elderly people J Digit Converg 2013 11 11 499 508 Sim MK Park JM A comparative study on factors influencing successful aging between elders attending senior citizen clubs and elders not attending senior citizen clubs J Korean Gerontol Nurs 2015 17 3 196 206 Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs 2017 Survey of living conditions and welfare needs of Korean older persons [Policy Report] Sejong Ministry of Health and Welfare 2017 309 357 Oh MS The correlation between self-care agency and life satisfaction among elderly in Iksan city [dissertation] Seoul Hanyang University 2009 Korean Speake DL Cowart ME Pellet K Health perceptions and lifestyles of the elderly Res Nurs Health 1989 12 2 93 100 Sung MS A correlation study on spiritual wellbeing, hope and perceived health status of the elderly [dissertation] Daegu Keimyung University 1998 Korean Cohen S Hoberman HM Positive events and social supports as buffers of life change stress J Appl Soc Psychol 1983 13 2 99 121 Song MS Construction of a functional status prediction model for the elderly. [dissertation] Seoul Seoul National University 1991 Korean Han SY Structural equation modeling on successful aging of elderly women: Using the selection·optimization·compensation (SOC) strategies [dissertation] Seoul Seoul National University 2016 Korean An JS Chong YS Jeong YJ Seo SG Cooney TM Critical aspirations from studies of successful aging The Korean Journal of Developmental Psychology 2011 24 3 35 54 Chung SD A comparative study on the successful aging for Korean elderly women and elderly men Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society 2007 27 4 829 845 Lee EJ Relationship of leisure sports activities, social support, depression and death anxiety among the elderly Journal of Leisure and Recreation Studies 2014 38 4 51 63 Chang SJ The study on how to facilitate the recreational programs for the elderly at welfare-residential aged care facilities [dissertation] Seoul Seoul Women's University 2001 Korean Yoo YJ Kim SK A research on the condition of leisure activity of elderly women: the case of elderly living in home Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare 2000 7 73 95 Lee CI Effects of elders' participation in exercise programs on successful aging: Focused on mediating effects of interpersonal relations and moderating effects of economic activities [dissertation] Gunpo Hansei University 2015 Korean Yeom JH Shin YS Influence of social support and illness perception on depression among hospitalized older adults prior to discharge from an acute care hospital Korean J Adult Nurs 2017 29 3 246 255 Bae YJ Relationship between social support, social participation and physical functioning in older adult: on case study of community senior centers J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 2017 18 4 380 390 Oh DN Structural equation modeling on successful aging in elders: focused on selection·optimization·compensation strategy J Korean Acad Nurs 2012 42 3 311 321 Depp CA Jeste DV Definitions and predictors of successful aging: a comprehensive review of larger quantitative studies Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006 14 1 6 20 Weiner DK Rudy TE Morrow L Slaboda J Lieber S The relationship between pain, neuropsychological performance, and physical function in community-dwelling older adults with chronic low back pain Pain Med 2006 7 1 60 70 Keogh E McCracken LM Eccleston C Gender moderates the association between depression and disability in chronic pain patients Eur J Pain 2006 10 5 413 422 Hu SH Kim JD Jung TY Analysis of employment effects on life satisfaction of the elderly Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society 2011 31 4 1103 1118 The degree of subjects' successful aging (n=169)

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.

 Differences of successful aging according to socio-demographic characteristics (n=169)

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).

Calculated by t-test or ANOVA and Bonferroni test.

 Differences of successful aging according to health related characteristics (n=169)

Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%) unless otherwise indicated.

Calculated by ANOVA and Bonferroni test.

 Correlation between independent variables and successful aging (n=169)

Abbreviations: ES, emotional support; IS, informative support; PHS, perceived health status; SA, successful aging; SD, standard deviation; SS, self-esteem support; TS, tangible support.

Values are presented as Pearson's correlation coefficient (P value).

 Variables influencing successful aging (n=169)

Religion, participation in senior facility and exercise were changed by dummy variable; religion yes 1, no 0; participation yes 1, no 0; exercise yes 1, no 0. Values are calculated by multiple regression analysis.