JKAN Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing J Korean Acad Nurs 2005-3673 2093-758X Korean Society of Nursing Science 10.4040/jkan.2018.48.6.720 jkan-48-720 Original Article Patient Safety Teaching Competency of Nursing Faculty AhnShinae1 LeeNam-Ju1 JangHaena2 College of Nursing · The Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, Seoul Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Korea Address reprint requests to : Lee, Nam-Ju College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-740-8812 Fax: +82-2-765-4013 E-mail: njlee@snu.ac.kr 012018 15012018 486 720730 120620180712201810122018 Copyright © 2018 Korean Society of Nursing Science 2018 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NoDerivs License. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0) If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium. Abstract Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate patient safety teaching competency of nursing faculty and the extent of teaching patient safety topics in the nursing curriculum.

 Methods

A national survey was conducted with full-time nursing faculty in 4-year nursing schools. Regional quota sampling method was used. An online survey was sent to 1,028 nursing faculty and 207 of them were completed. Among the 207, we analyzed data from 184 participants. The revised Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses.

 Results

The faculty's self-confidence was lower than their perceived importance of patient safety education. The mean score of teaching patient safety was 3.52±0.67 out of 5, and the contents were mostly delivered through lectures. The extent of faculty's teaching varied depending on faculty's clinical career, teaching subjects, participation in practicum courses, and previous experience of patient safety education. The significant predictors of the extent of teaching patient safety were the faculty's self-confidence in teaching patient safety (β=.39) during clinical practicum, their perceived importance of patient safety education during lectures (β=.23), and the teaching subject (β=.15).

 Conclusion

To enhance the competency of nursing faculty for effective patient safety education, a patient safety education program tailored to faculty characteristics should be developed and continuously provided for faculty. In addition, it is necessary to improve patient safety curriculum, strengthen clinical and school linkages, and utilize various education methods in patient safety education.

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General Characteristics (N=184

Characteristics Categories n (%) M±SD/ Median(IQR
Gender Female 181 (98.4)
Male 3 (1.6)
Age (yr) Education Doctorate 162 (88.0) 44.71±7.83
Master 21 (11.4)
Bachelor 1 (0.6)
Clinical career (month) 93.0
(44.0~145.0
Educational career 72.0
(month) (36.0~180.0
University location Gangwon 7 (3.8)
Gyeonggi 19 (10.4)
Gyeongnam 11 (6.0)
Gyeongbuk 21 (11.4)
Gwangju 14 (7.6)
Daegu 19 (10.3)
Daejeon Busan 16 (8.7) 7 (3.8)
Seoul 16 (8.7)
Ulsan Incheon 3 (1.6) 3 (1.6)
Jeonnam Jeonbuk 12 (6.5) 12 (6.5)
Jeju 3 (1.6)
Chungnam Chungbuk 13 (7.1) 8 (4.4)
University-affiliated Yes 85 (46.2)
hospital No 99 (53.8)
Hospital level Hospital 10 (11.8)
General 16 (18.8)
hospital
Advanced 59 (69.4)
general hospital
Position Professor 30 (16.3)
Associate 29 (15.8)
professor
Assistant professor 125 (67.9)
Participation in clinical Yes 175 (95.1)
practicum course No 9 (4.9)
Previous experience of Yes 109 (59.2)
patient safety No 75 (40.8)
education

M±SD=Mean standard deviation; IQR=Interquartile range; yr=year.

Patient Safety Teaching Competency and Teaching Methods by Patient Safety Topics (N=184)

Patient safety topics Patient safety teaching competency Teaching methods
Teaching confidence in lecture Teaching confidence In practicum Teaching importance in lecture Teaching importance in practicum Extent to teaching Lecture Practicum Lab/ Simulation Assignment Others Total
M±SD n (%)
Clinical safety 4.26±0.63 4.31±0.62 4.62±0.55 4.74±0.48 4.04±0.72 170 167 111 55 24 527
(32.3) (31.7) (21.1) (10.4) (4.5) (100.0)
Working teams 3.91±0.69 3.99±0.76 4.26±0.73 4.36±0.73 3.48±0.82 159 131 62 47 12 411
(38.7) (31.9) (15.1) (11.4) (2.9) (100.0)
Communicating effectively 4.11±0.68 4.01±0.71 4.43±0.68 4.44±0.64 3.74±0.73 148 145 77 39 10 419
(35.3) (34.6) (18.4) (9.3) (2.4) (100.0)
Managing safety risks 3.89±0.69 3.80±0.72 4.38±0.63 4.46±0.63 3.52±0.87 152 143 59 35 9 398
(38.2) (35.9) (14.8) (8.8) (2.3) (100.0)
Understanding human and environmental factors 3.85±0.76 3.77±0.83 4.05±0.81 4.15±0.80 3.07±1.06 135 103 27 18 6 289
(46.7) (35.7) (9.3) (6.2) (2.1) (100.0)
Recognize, respond to adverse events and close calls 3.63±0.84 3.57±0.87 4.13±0.78 4.22±0.72 3.20±0.97 139 105 40 19 10 313
(44.4) (33.5) (12.8) (6.1) (3.2) (100.0)
Culture of safety 3.80±0.78 3.64±0.85 4.11±0.81 4.16±0.76 3.18±0.95 143 119 42 18 8 330
(43.3) (36.1) (12.7) (5.5) (2.4) (100.0)
Total 3.96±0.56 3.91±0.61 4.32±0.52 4.40±0.50 3.52±0.67 1,046 913 418 231 79 2,687
(38.9) (34.0) (15.6) (8.6) (2.9) (100.0)

M±SD=Mean standard deviation.

Difference in Patient Safety Teaching Competency by General Characteristics (N=184)

Characteristics Categories n (%) Teaching confidence in lecture Teaching confidence in practicum Teaching importance in lecture Teaching importance in practicum Extent to teaching
t or t or t or t or t or
M±SD F(p) M±SD F(p) M±SD F(p) M±SD F(p) M±SD F(p)
Scheffé Scheffé Scheffé Scheffé Scheffé
Clinical career (month) ≤12a 4 (2.2) 3.45±0.60 12.56 3.28±0.48 10.27 4.19±0.72 2.09 3.98±0.91 2.31 2.90±0.64 6.75
13~36b 32 (17.4) 3.57±0.47 (<.001) 3.54±0.56 (<.001) 4.20±0.61) (.083) 4.23±0.55 (.060) 3.12±0.71 (<.001)
37~72c 49 (26.6) 3.78±0.45 a,b<d,e 3.74±0.53 a<d,e 4.22±0.46 4.39±0.42 3.51±0.59 a<e
73~120d 33 (17.9) 4.22±0.51 4.19±0.55 4.35±0.48 4.48±0.41 3.53±0.53
≥121e 66 (35.9) 4.17±0.53 4.12±0.58 4.45±0.51 4.47±0.52 3.77±0.67
Educational career (month) ≤12 6 (3.3) 4.33±0.50 1.01 4.31±0.45 0.84 4.58±0.33 4.55 4.63±0.31 1.27 3.91±0.68 1.35
13~36 42 (22.8) 3.94±0.51 (.402) 3.90±0.61 (.503) 4.51±0.35 (.002) 4.47±0.45 (.284) 3.60±0.71 (.254)
37~72 46 (25.0) 3.99±0.59 3.94±0.66 4.39±0.40 4.45±0.41 3.59±0.55
73~120 25 (13.6) 4.00±0.57 3.95±0.60 4.29±0.49 4.38±0.51 3.53±0.76
≥121 65 (35.3) 3.89±0.57 3.85±0.60 4.13±0.64 4.30±0.58 3.39±0.69
Participation in clinical practicum course Yes 175 (95.1) 3.94±0.56 -1.97 3.89±0.61 -1.88 4.32±0.52 0.12 4.40±0.50 0.71 3.50±0.67 -2.00
No 9 (4.9) 4.31±0.49 (.051) 4.28±0.51 (.062) 4.30±0.48 (.907) 4.28±0.48 (.480) 3.96±0.58 (.048)
Previous experience of patient safety education Yes 109 (59.2) 4.11±0.54 4.69 4.06±0.58 4.19 4.41±0.48 3.05 4.45±0.48 1.59 3.66±0.60 3.46
No 75 (40.8) 3.74±0.51 (<.001) 3.69±0.59 (<.001) ) 4.18±0.55 (.003) 4.33±0.51 (.114) 3.32±0.71 (.001)
Subject Adult/Geriatrica 60 (32.6) 4.04±0.58 2.78 3.99±0.65 1.61 4.26±0.52 1.19 4.40±0.45 2.46 3.56±0.62 3.79
Pediatricb 22 (12.0) 3.79±0.53 (.013) 3.73±0.60 (.147) 4.26±0.67 (.315) 4.39±0.51 (.026) 3.30±0.69 (.001)
Managementc 17 (9.2) 4.28±0.60 d<c 4.19±0.67 4.62±0.42 4.68±0.49 4.00±0.66 b,d,f<c
Communityd 22 (12.0) 3.68±0.40 3.70±0.56 4.29±0.50 4.18±0.53 3.23±0.65
Fundamentale 16 (8.7) 4.09±0.53 3.98±0.57 4.33±0.41 4.19±0.54 3.73±0.67
Maternalf 23 (12.5) 3.90±0.56 3.85±0.57 4.30±0.56 4.41±0.53 3.29±0.58
Mental healthg 24 (13.0) 3.89±0.53 3.89±0.56 4.35±0.45 4.53±0.41 3.65±0.66

M±SD=Mean standard deviation.

Correlation among Patient Safety Teaching Confidence, Teaching Importance, and the Extent to Teaching Patient Safety (N=184)

Variables Teaching confidence in lecture Teaching confidence in practicum Teaching importance in lecture Teaching importance in practicum Extent to teaching
r (p)
Teaching confidence in lecture 1
Teaching confidence in practicum .89 (<.001) 1
Teaching importance in lecture .47 (<.001) .43 (<.001) 1
Teaching importance in practicum .48 (<.001) .46 (<.001) .70 (<.001) 1
Extent to teaching .52 (<.001) .55 (<.001) .51 (<.001) .50 (<.001) 1

Factors Influencing the Extent to Teaching Patient Safety (N=184)

Variables B SE β t p
(Constant) .10 .44 0.23 .822
Teaching confidence in lecture -.15 .16 -.12 -0.93 .353
Teaching confidence in practicum .43 .14 .39 3.17 .002
Teaching importance in lecture .30 .11 .23 2.76 .006
Teaching importance in practicum .22 .12 .16 1.90 .060
Clinical career .00 .00 .09 1.34 .183
Participation in clinical practicum course† -.21 .20 -.07 -1.06 .291
Previous experience of patient safety education†† .06 .09 .04 0.67 .505
Faculty’s teaching subject§
  Adult/Geriatric nursing .16 .14 .11 1.19 .237
  Pediatric nursing .02 .16 .01 0.14 .892
  Nursing management .35 .18 .15 1.99 .048
  Fundamental nursing .27 .19 .12 1.46 .147
  Maternal nursing -.06 .16 -.03 -0.36 .722
  Mental health nursing .25 .16 .13 1.61 .110
R2=46.8, Adjusted R2=42.7, F=11.48, p<.001

Dummy variable (No=0, Yes=1);

Dummy variable (No=0, Yes=1);

Reference (Community nursing); SE: Standard errors.