J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc JKNA Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1015-4817 2289-0963 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 10.4306/jknpa.2018.57.3.230 Special Article Current Knowledge and Treatment Strategies of Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis and Schizophrenia Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia : Pathophysiology and Treatment Kim Euitae MD PhD Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea. Address for correspondence: Euitae Kim, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea. Tel +82-31-787-7435, Fax +82-31-787-4058, euitae.kim@snu.ac.kr 08 2018 29 08 2018 57 3 230 234 19 07 2018 31 07 2018 16 08 2018 Copyright © 2018 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2018 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association

A large proportion of patients with schizophrenia show a poor response to first-line antipsychotic drugs, which is termed treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Previous studies found that a different neurobiology might underlie treatment-resistant schizophrenia, which necessitates the development of different therapeutic approaches for treating treatment-resistant schizophrenia. This study reviewed previous studies on the pathophysiology of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and the pharmacological intervention, and forthcoming investigations of treatment-resistant schizophrenia are suggested.

 Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia Neurobiology Strategy National Research Foundation of Korea http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003725 NRF-2015R1C1A1A01054583

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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