J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc JKNA Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1015-4817 2289-0963 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 10.4306/jknpa.2018.57.3.266 Original Article Association between Quantitative Electroencephalography Findings and Cognitive-Behavioral Characteristics in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder : A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study Oh Soohwan MD 1 Joung Yoo Sook MD PhD 1 2 Yoon Hee Joon MD 3 Lee Dong Ik MD 1 Kim Byung Wook MD 1 2 Park Jung Ah MA 1 Lee Suzie MD 4 Lee Bitna BS 1 Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. Seoul Emotion Cognition Institute, Seoul, Korea. Wirye Haesol Psychiatric Clinic, Seoul, Korea. Address for correspondence: Yoo Sook Joung, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea. Tel +82-2-3410-3589, Fax +82-2-3410-0050, yschoung@skku.edu 08 2018 29 08 2018 57 3 266 273 18 07 2018 01 08 2018 09 08 2018 Copyright © 2018 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2018 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association Objective

This study examined the association between the wave form in quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and the cognitive and behavioral characteristics measured by the Korean version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition (K-WISC-IV), Korean version of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale (K-ARS), and Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) in children diagnosed with ADHD.

 Method

A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on children aged 8 to 13 years, who were diagnosed with ADHD at Samsung Medical Center from November 2011 to March 2017. A total of 57 ADHD children were selected by a medical chart review. Their QEEG findings and psychological test results, including K-WISC-IV, K-CBCL, and K-ARS (n=42), were collected. The QEEG was analyzed by the ranges of Hz: delta (1–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (12–25 Hz) and transformed to the z-scored relative power. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson and Partial correlation analysis.

 Results

The Letter-Number Sequencing scores of K-WISC was positively correlated with fronto-central alpha. The hyperactivity/impulsivity scores of K-ARS were positively correlated with the theta/beta ratio. Among the items of K-CBCL, social immaturity was positively correlated with delta and theta, and negatively correlated with alpha. Social competence was negatively correlated delta and theta, and positively correlated with alpha.

 Conclusion

These results suggest that the resting state QEEG results of children with ADHD may reflect their cognitive and behavioral characteristics, especially in working memory/executive function, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and sociality.

 Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Quantitative electroencephalography Cognitive characteristics Behavioral characteristics Sociality Korean version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition Korean version of ADHD Rating Scale Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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ADHD : Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, NOS : Not otherwise specified, SD : Standard deviation, K-WICS-VI : Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition, K-ARS : Korean version of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale, K-CBCL : Korean version of the Child Behavior Check List, FSIQ : Full Scale Intelligence Quotient, VCI : Verbal Comprehension Index, PRI : Perceptual Reasoning Index, WMI : Working Memory Index, PSI : Processing Speed Index

 Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) between K-WISC-IV, K-ARS sub-scales and z-scored relative power in 19 cortical regions in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients

Statistical significant in analysis of Pearson's correlation. * : p<0.05, † : p<0.01. K-WICS-VI : Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children 4th edition, K-ARS : Korean version of the attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Rating Scale, LN : Letter-number sequencing, TBR : Theta/beta ratio

 Age and intelligence adjusted Partial correlation coefficient(r) between K-CBCL sub-scales and z-scored relative power in 19 cortical regions in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder patients (n=57)

Statistical significant in analysis of Partial correlation. * : p<0.05, † : p<0.01. Social immaturity : A problem scale of K-CBCL 6–18, Social Competence and Academic Functioning : competence scales of K-CBCL 6–18, K-CBCL : Korean version of Child Behavior Checklist