JKANA Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 1225-9330 2288-4955 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 10.11111/jkana.2018.24.3.193 jkana-24-193 Original Article Patient Safety Perception of Nurses as related to Patient Safety Management Performance in Tertiary Hospitals ChoiYoun Jeong1 KangYoon Kyung1 YangIn Ja1 LimJi Young2 Graduate School, Inha University Department of Nursing, Inha University Corresponding author: Kang, Yoon Kyung Department of Nursing, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea. Tel: +82-32-890-2893, Fax: +82-32-890-3000, E-mail: yksilsil2@hanmail.net 012018 17012018 243 193201 04012018 19022018 30032018 Copyright © 2018 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2018 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Purpose:

This study was done to identify the relationship between perception of the importance and job performance of patient safety management.

 Methods:

This descriptive study was performed using self-report questionnaires. Participants were 200 nurses who worked at 4 tertiary university hospitals where data were collected for 4 weeks in June 2016.

 Results:

The scores for perception and performance were 4.28 and 4.37 points. A positive correlation was found between perception of the importance of patient safety management and job performance (r=.74, p<.001). In regression analysis, the perception of the importance of patient safety management (β=.74, p<.001) was a significant factor in the performance of patient safety management. The regression model was statistically significant (F=134.43, p<.001) and the explanatory power of the model was 58%.

 Conclusion:

The findings from this study indicate a need to develop strategies to improve perception of the importance of patient safety management. Also, this data should be used as a basis to develop education programs to improve awareness of the importance of patient safety management.

 Patient safety Perception Safety management Nurses Tertiary care centers REFERENCES ChoHNShinHSA Systemic review of published studies on patient safety in KoreaJournal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration2014216182 Korea Institute for Healthcare AccreditationWhat is the accreditation program for healthcare organizations? [Internet]SeoulKorea Institute for Healthcare Accreditation[cited December 23, 2017]. Available from:https://www.koiha.or.kr/member/en/contents/ensub02/ensub02_01_01.do JeongJSeoYJNamEWFactors affecting patient safety management activities at nursing divisions of two university hospitalsKorean Journal of Hospital Management200611191109 SherwoodGQuality and safety in nursing education: The QSEN projectCherryBJacobSRContemporary nursing6th edMissouriElsevier Inc.2014393404 ManningMLFrisbyAJMultimethod teaching strategies to integrate selected QSEN competencies in a doctor of nursing practice distance education programNurse Outlook201159166173https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2011.01.001 YooHNLeeHYThe initial application of the patient safety management activity scale (PSM-A) for nursing students: Brief on reliability and validityJournal of the Korean Data Analysis Society201416634233436 JangJHShinSHEffects of psychiatric nurses' perception of the healthcare accreditation system and safety climate on patient safety management activitiesJournal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing2016254375385https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2016.25.4.375 ParkSJChoiEHLeeKSChungKAA study on perception and nursing activity for patient safety of operating room nursesJournal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society20161711332339https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.11.332 LeeJMHongSJParkMHPerception of patient safety culture and safety care activity among ICU nursesJournal of Safety and Crisis Management2013911273290 Agency for Healthcare Research and QualityReducing errors in health care: Research in action [Internet][updated April 2000; cited February 8, 2017]. Available from:https://archive.ahrq.gov/qual/errors.htm ParkMJKimISHamYLDevelopment of a perception of importance on patient safety management scale (PI-PSM) for hospital employeeJournal of the Korea Contents Association2013135332341https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2013.13.05.332 LeeGOStudy on nurse manager leadership and patient safety-related nursing activities [master's thesis]SeoulKyung Hee University2009150 LeeYJPatient Safety culture and management activities perceived by hospital nurses [master's thesis]DaejeonEulji University2011162 HwangYKimMYKangJSPerception and performance about patient safety management for hospital nursesAsia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology20166123954https://doi.org/10.14257/AJMAHS.2016.12.29 JangHMParkJYChoiYJParkSWLimHNEffect of general hospital nurses' perception of patient safety culture and burnout on safety management activitiesJournal of Korean Academy Nursing Administration2016223239250https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.3.239 KimHYKimHSEffects of perceived patient safety culture on safety nursing activities in the general hospital nursesJournal of Korean Academy Nursing Administration2011174413422https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2011.17.4.413 ChoiSHLeeHYFactors affecting nursing students' practice of patient safety management in clinical practicumJournal of Korean Academy Nursing Administration2015212184192https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.2.184 KwonJHKangEHLeeYMEffect of nurses' organizational commitment in relationship between perception on safety culture and patient safety management activities in tertiary hospitalsJournal of The Korean Data Analysis Society201618422312244 KimISParkMJParkMYYooHNChoiJHFactors affecting the perception of importance and practice of patient safety management among hospital employees in KoreaAsian Nursing Research201372632https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2013.01.001 SonYLThe impact of perceived patient safety culture on safety care activities in general hospital nurse'sJournal of the Korea Academy Industrial Cooperation Society2016173509517https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.3.509 LimJYKimJHKimGMYooJHEffect of cost perception and cost attitude on cost management behavior among clinical nursesJournal of the Korea Contents Association2016165115123https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.05.113 Tables

Difference between Perception of Importance and Performance of PSM (N=199)

Variables Categories n(%) Perception Performance
M±SD t or F (p) M±SD t or F (p)
Age (year) ＜30 138 (69.4) 4.19±0.54a 6.39 4.33±0.39a 3.16
30~39 46 (23.1) 4.46±0.43a,b (.002) 4.43±0.34a,b (.045)
≥40 15 (7.5) 4.52±0.42b 4.56±0.32b
Education level College 56 (28.2) 4.37±0.50 2.15 4.39±0.37 0.92
Bachelor 132 (66.3) 4.23±0.54 (.120) 4.35±0.38 (.400)
Master 11 (5.5) 4.46±0.46 4.50±0.38
Marital status Married 145 (72.9) 4.23±0.53 -2.15 4.34±0.38 -1.78
Not married 54 (27.1) 4.41±0.49 (.033) 4.45±0.38 (.077)
Position Staff 159 (79.9) 4.25±0.53 1.94 4.35±0.37 1.85
Charge 35 (17.6) 4.36±0.48 (.147) 4.42±0.44 (.161)
Head 5 (2.5) 4.65±0.49 4.64±0.19
Ward Medicine 51 (25.6) 4.25±0.50 0.36 4.38±0.38 0.60
Surgical 60 (30.2) 4.28±0.58 (.785) 4.33±0.39 (.618)
ICU 52 (26.1) 4.34±0.49 4.42±0.38
Pediatric 36 (18.1) 4.24±0.53 4.35±0.37
Clinical experience (year) ＜1 1~5 6~10 ≥11 35 96 39 29 (17.6) (48.2) (19.6) (14.6) 4.19±0.55a 4.20±0.54a 4.36±0.47a,b 4.53±0.45b 3.68 (.013) 4.36±0.35 4.33±0.39 4.36±0.39 4.53±0.35 2.04 (.109)
Nursing care service ward Yes 38 (19.1) 4.23±0.56 -0.63 4.22±0.40 -2.71
No 161 (80.9) 4.29±0.52 (.531) 4.41±0.37 (.007)
Has experience in preceptor role Yes 102 (51.3) 4.39±0.46 2.96 4.41±0.36 1.33
No 97 (48.7) 4.17±0.57 (.003) 4.33±0.40 (.184)
Has experience of reporting a patient Yes 127 (63.8) 4.24±0.53 -1.42 4.36±0.39 -0.33
safety accident No 72 (36.2) 4.35±0.51 (.158) 4.38±0.36 (.740)
Has experience of reporting a patient Yes 159 (79.9) 4.30±0.53 1.16 4.38±0.38 0.73
safety accident by a colleague No 40 (20.1) 4.19±0.52 (.248) 4.33±0.37 (.469)
Has experience of near miss Yes 132 (66.3) 4.28±0.52 -0.16 4.37±0.37 0.11
No 67 (33.7) 4.29±0.55 (.870) 4.37±0.40 (.910)
Has experience of patient safety Yes 194 (97.5) 4.28±0.53 -0.52 4.37±0.38 -1.01
education No 5 (2.5) 4.40±0.35 (.606) 4.54±0.22 (.314)
Has experience of committee on Yes 119 (59.8) 4.33±0.50 1.50 4.40±0.35 1.41
patient safety care No 80 (40.2) 4.21±0.56 (.134) 4.32±0.42 (.161)
Number of patients in ＜10 81 (40.7) 4.33±0.52 0.65 4.37±0.40 0.15
charge 10~15 96 (48.2) 4.26±0.53 (.523) 4.38±0.38 (.858)
≥16 22 (11.1) 4.20±0.53 4.33±0.33

PSM=Patient safety management; ICU=Intensive care unit, post hoc test

Scheffe.

Score of Nurses' Perception of Importance and Performance of PSM (N=199)

Variables Categories M±SD Min Max
Perception Total 4.28±0.53 2.95 5.00
Concerned about PSM 4.24±0.58 2.71 5.00
Confidence about PSM 4.16±0.62 2.80 5.00
Will for PSM 4.23±0.60 2.80 5.00
Recognition of PSM 4.56±0.49 3.00 5.00
Performance Total 4.37±0.38 3.33 4.98
Patient identity check 4.41±0.39 3.29 5.00
Verbal order process 4.49±0.58 2.67 5.00
Medicine administration 4.10±0.51 2.86 5.00
Operation & surgical procedure 4.41±0.55 3.00 5.00
Safety environment 4.05±0.70 1.67 5.00
Prevention of infection 4.62±0.48 2.67 5.00
Prevention of accidental falls 4.71±0.43 3.67 5.00
Prevention of bedsores 4.64±0.50 3.00 5.00
Emergency situation 4.30±0.57 2.57 5.00

PSM=Patient safety management.

Difference of Nurses' Performance according to Perception of Importance of PSM (N=199)

Variable Categories Perception of importance t p
High (n=100) Low (n=99)
M±SD M±SD
Performance Total 4.61±0.23 4.13±0.35 -11.30 ＜.001
Patient identity check 4.55±0.31 4.27±0.42 -5.43 ＜.001
Verbal order process 4.76±0.39 4.23±0.63 -7.17 ＜.001
Medicine administration 4.31±0.49 3.89±0.45 -6.27 ＜.001
Operation & surgical procedure 4.65±0.43 4.16±0.55 -6.98 ＜.001
Safety environment 4.33±0.64 3.76±0.64 -6.25 ＜.001
Prevention of Infection 4.87±0.27 4.37±0.52 -8.45 ＜.001
Prevention of accidental falls 4.94±0.20 4.49±0.47 -8.82 ＜.001
Prevention of bedsores 4.90±0.26 4.37±0.53 -8.96 ＜.001
Emergency situation 4.62±0.41 3.98±0.52 -9.64 ＜.001

PSM=Patient safety management.

Correlation between Performance and Perception of Importance of PSM (N=199)

Variables Perception of importance Concern Confidence Will Recognition
r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p) r (p)
Performance .74 (＜.001) .68 (＜.001) .67 (＜.001) .69 (＜.001) .67 (＜.001)
Patient identity check .47 (＜.001) .40 (＜.001) .41 (＜.001) .38 (＜.001) .56 (＜.001)
Verbal order process .53 (＜.001) .53 (＜.001) .42 (＜.001) .48 (＜.001) .48 (＜.001)
Medicine administration .51 (＜.001) .51 (＜.001) .48 (＜.001) .44 (＜.001) .37 (＜.001)
Operation & surgical procedure .57 (＜.001) .56 (＜.001) .50 (＜.001) .51 (＜.001) .50 (＜.001)
Safety environment .46 (＜.001) .40 (＜.001) .41 (＜.001) .49 (＜.001) .35 (＜.001)
Prevention of infection .60 (＜.001) .53 (＜.001) .56 (＜.001) .55 (＜.001) .57 (＜.001)
Prevention of accidental falls .62 (＜.001) .53 (＜.001) .58 (＜.001) .57 (＜.001) .62 (＜.001)
Prevention of bedsores .56 (＜.001) .51 (＜.001) .49 (＜.001) .51 (＜.001) .56 (＜.001)
Emergency situation .65 (＜.001) .54 (＜.001) .62 (＜.001) .67 (＜.001) .55 (＜.001)

PSM=Patient safety management.

Predictors of Performance on PSM (N=199)

Variables Performance
B SE β t (p) Tolerance VIF
Intercept 2.11 .15 14.49 (＜.001)
Perception of importance 0.53 .03 .74 15.88 (＜.001) 1.00 1.00
Nursing care service ward* -0.15 .05 -.16 -3.37 (.001) 1.00 1.00
R2=.58, Adjusted R2=.57, F=134.43, p＜.001

*Reference=No; PSM=Patient safety management.