jksh Journal of the Korean Society of Hypertension J Korean Soc Hypertens 2233-8136 2233-8454 The Korean Society of Hypertension 10.5646/jksh.2011.17.3.95 jksh-17-95 Original Article The Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Aronox Extract on Metabolic Abnormality and Hypertension ParkYoung MeeMS1 ParkJeong BaeMD2 Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea Department of Medicine, Cheil General Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Tel: 02) 2000-7152, Fax: 02) 2000-7249 E-mail: mdparkjb@gmail.com 09 2011 10 09 2011 17 3 95 102 08082011 28092011 28092011 Copyright © 2011 The Korean Society of Hypertension 2011 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ABSTRACT Background:

Aronox is an anthocyanin-rich extract from Aronia melanocarpa E which is known to have anti-inflammatory effect in atherosclerosis due to high anti-oxidative activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effect of Aronox on hypertension and metabolic status in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

 Methods:

Seven-week-old male SHR were orally administrated with Aronox (low dose; 100 mg/kg, n = 4 or high dose; 200 mg/kg, n = 3) or amlodipine (10 mg/kg, n = 7) and sham (n = 10) for 8 weeks. Aronox was administered 30 mg/kg for the first 3 weeks and then increased to 100 mg/kg (low dose group) or 100 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg (high dose group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured every week by tail cuff method. At 8 weeks, fasting lipid level was measured. Heart and kidney stained with Masson’s trichrome.

 Results:

Aronox or amlodipine treatment showed significantly lower SBP compared with sham (202.2 ± 10.2 mm Hg in low dose group, 202.0 ± 12.6 mm Hg in high dose group and 187.4 ± 22.7 mm Hg in amlodipine group vs. 224.4 ± 12 mm Hg in sham-SHR, p < 0.005). There were no significant differences in cardiac and renal weight corrected by body weight among 3 groups. Aronox and amlodipine treatments significantly decreased fasting glucose and showed a trend of decrease in triglyceride level. Aronox or amlodipine treatment for 8 weeks showed less collagen deposition changes compared to sham.

 Conclusions:

Aronox showed significant antihypertensive effects, decreased fasting glucose, and less cardiac and renal fibrosis in SHR. These results suggest that Aronox can be used as an adjuvant therapy or functional food in hypertension.

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The flow chart of systolic blood pressure (SBP) changes during treatment of aronox or amlodpine. From the point of 5 week treatment, the treatment groups with aronox or amlodipine showed significant lower SBP compared with sham group. *p < 0.05 for sham vs. aronox 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and amlodipine. SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Microscopic findings of effects of aronox or amlodpine on cardiac fibrosis. Masson’s trichrome staining of left ventricle for collagen (blue) detection showed more fibrotic changes around perivascular region in sham group (A) compared with aronox or amlodipine treatment group (B-D) (100×). SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Microscopic findings of effects of aronox or amlodpine on renal fibrosis. Masson’s trichrome staining of kidney for collagen (blue) detection showed more fibrotic changes around perivascular (100×) region in sham group (A) compared witharonox or amlodipine treatment group (B-D) (100×). SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Body weight (BW), heart & left ventricle wet weights normalized by BW and kidney wet weights normalized by BW in aronox-administrated SHR

Parameters measured SHRs (Sham) S SHRs + 100 mg/kg aronox SHRs + 200 mg/kg aronox SHRs + 10 mg/kg amlodipine
BW (g) 324.8 ± 11 335.3 ± 8 298.6 ± 10 309.4 ± 6
HW (g) 1.135 ± 0.03 1.075 ± 0.01 0.982 ± 0.02 0.958 ± 0.03
HW/BW (mg) 3.52 ± 0.1 3.27 ± 0.09 3.30 ± 0.06 3.09 ± 0.04
LV/BW (mg) 2.85 ± 0.1 2.68 ± 0.07 2.68 ± 0.04 2.46 ± 0.03
Kid/BW (mg) 6.76 ± 0.3 6.48 ± 0.09 6.41 ± 0.05 6.49 ± 0.04

HW, heart weight; LV, left ventricle; Kid, kidney; SHRS, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

p, all non-significant.

The serum level of total protein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride in aronox-administrated SHR

Parameters SHRs (Sham) SHRs + 100 mg/kg aronox SHRs + 200 mg/kg aronox SHRs + 10 mg/kg amlodipine
TP (mg/dL) 4.9 ± 0.6 4.9 ± 0.2 4.8 ± 0.2 5.4 ± 0.3
BUN (mg/dL) 20.7 ± 2.2 23.9 ± 2.1 19.5 ± 1.0 21.8 ± 3.1
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.1 ± 0.05 0.1 ± 0.05 0.1 ± 0.0 0.1 ± 0.11
T-cholesterol (mg/dL) 44.1 ± 8.0 37.8 ± 4.1 37.3 ± 4.2 40.0 ± 3.8
Glucose (mg/dL) 138.0 ± 27.5 94.3 ± 3.3* 99.3 ± 9.6* 112.2 ± 18.5*
TG (mg/dL) 32.5 ± 13.5 28.5 ± 5.4 37.0 ± 9.8 26.9 ± 6.5

TP, total protein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; T-cholesterol, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; SHRs, spontaneously hypertensive rats.

p < 0.05, aronox and amlodipine-treated vs. vehicle-treated SHR.