Korean J Women Health Nurs KJWHN Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 2287-1640 2093-7695 Korean Society of Women Health Nursing 10.4069/kjwhn.2016.22.2.86 Original Article A Concept Analysis of Cultural Nursing Competence Jeong Geum Hee 1 Park Hye-Sook 2 Kim Kyung Won 3 Kim Young Hee 4 Lee Sun Hee 5 Kim Hyun-Kyoung 6 Division of Nursing, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea. Department of Nursing, Dongyang University, Yeongju, Korea. Department of Nursing, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Korea. Department of Nursing, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Korea. Department of Nursing Science, Gimcheon University, Gimcheon, Korea. Department of Nursing, Doowon Technical University, Anseong, Korea. Corresponding author: Kim, Hyun-Kyoung. Department of Nursing, Doowon Technical University, 678 Jangwon-ri, Juksan-myeon, Anseong 17520, Korea. Tel: +82-31-8056-7314, Fax: +82-31-8056-7269, leomommy@hanmail.net 06 2016 28 06 2016 22 2 86 95 27 04 2016 15 06 2016 15 06 2016 © 2016 Korean Society of Women Health Nursing 2016 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose

The aim of this study was to conduct a concept analysis of cultural nursing competence.

 Methods

Cultural nursing competence was analyzed using Rodgers' evolutionary concept development method. A literature search using the keywords "cultural nursing competence", "intercultural nursing competence", "cultural nursing", "cultural health nursing", and "cultural competence" was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and RISS on material published before 2015. Database and bibliographic searches yielded 35 records.

 Results

Cultural nursing competence comprised cognitive, affective, and behavioral domains. The critical attributes of the concept were sensitivity, equality, and activity. The analysis identified the following dimensions: awareness, openness, and coherence. The consequences of cultural nursing competence were personal satisfaction and social justice. The definition contained competence on both an individual and social level.

 Conclusion

Cultural competency enhances quality of care by narrowing health disparities and increasing client satisfaction. The concept analysis of cultural nursing competence may offer an acceptable framework which can be used to develop psychometric tools of this concept and provide guidelines in nursing practice.

 Cultural competence Psychometrics Concept analysis

This research was performed by women health interest group in Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing.

 Summary Statement

▪ What is already known about this topic?

While several studies have applied cultural competence into nursing, there was lack of studies analyzing a concept of cultural nursing competence.

▪ What this paper adds?

The attributes of cultural nursing competence are sensitivity, equality, and activity. The cultural nursing competency is defined as understanding and respecting client's culture and providing care to be congruent with their culture. Cultural nursing competence bring about increasing client's satisfaction and improving care quality.

▪ Implications for practice, education and/or policy

The concept analysis of cultural nursing competence may offer an acceptable framework which can be used to develop psychometric tools of this concept and provide guidelines in nursing practice.

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No First author (year) Definition Antecedents Affecting factors Attributes Consequences Related/surrogate term
1 Clair (1999) Overcome ethnocentrism Conflict Experience Self-efficacy, relativism Perspective transformation Cultural transformation, cultural relativism
2 Clark (2000) Integrity of knowledge, skill, attitude Mixture Experience, education Positivity, openness Decision making, care quality, responsibility Unclear
3 Garcia (2001) Assessment of mutual effect Supremacy Race, disease Community health, media Understanding, acknowledgement Unclear
4 Kollar (2002) Unclear Population Opportunity Knowledge, perception, growth Development of global perspective Global competency
5 Fester (2003) Unclear Diversity Language, protocol Contact, relationship Patient outcome Unclear
6 Thobaben (2003) Unclear Diversity System, language Leadership, understanding, respect Health promotion Unclear
7 Flowers (2004) Unclear Population Acculturation, assimilation Awareness, knowledge, skill, encounter, desire Trust, correct nursing intervention Unclear
8 Lim (2004) Cultural congruent qualified care Prejudice, resistance Race, need Cognition, practice, affection Effective, proficient care Transcultural care, transcultural self-efficacy
9 Suh (2004) Achieving ability to work Minority Unclear Ability, openness, flexibility Patient outcome Unclear
10 Chenowethm (2006) Set of behavior, attitude, policy Conflict, Diversity Education, religion, value Awareness, respect, knowledge Care quality, equality Cultural sensitivity, cultural consciousness
11 Cowan (2006) Sensitivity toward different group Expansion of global citizen Gender, class, race Communication, action, value, belief Unclear Culturally congruent nursing care
12 Evans (2006) Set of values, principle, behaviors Inequality Race, language Insight, behavior, perception Cooperation Cultural sensitivity
13 Mohammadi (2007) Identification of cultural diverse need Cultural conflict Healthcare system Desire, sensitivity Innovative healthcare system Cultural individualization
14 Siantz (2007) Unclear Inequality Law, war Leadership, Partnership System, quality, benefit Unclear
15 Yasmin (2007) Professional competency Inequality Training, experience Knowledge, skill, sensitivity Responsive care Responsive intercultural nursing
16 Xu (2007) The highest quality care for all Globalization Training, education Unclear Eliminate disparity Unclear
17 Zander (2007) Combination of insight, knowledge, skill Cultural incapacity Education, desire Awareness, knowledge, skill Equality, care Unclear
18 Capell (2008) Ability to understand & work effectively Inapplicability Policy, diversity Awareness, knowledge, skill, encounter, desire Health outcome, relationship Unclear
19 Engebretson (2008) Growth process Inequality, disagreement Ethics, law, rule, education Knowledge, skill, attitude Suitable care, evidence based care Cultural proficiency
20 Pergert (2008) Cultural congruent care Relation, inequality Immigration, health status Relationship. bridging Moral care Bridging obstacles to transcultural care
21 Aponte (2009) Ongoing process in cultural context Population Service Awareness, knowledge, skill, encounter, desire Problem solving Unclear
22 Edwards (2009) Unclear Population Service, research, education, Application, evaluation Competency Unclear
23 Koprucu (2009) Perceptive competency Global need, cosmopolitanism Curriculum, system Belief, value, behavior, communication Global citizen Unclear
24 Son (2009) Interaction competency Multiculture Program, theory, experience Awareness, attitude, knowledge, skill Care quality Unclear
25 Gebru (2010) Meaningful care Diversity, content deficit Feeling, thought, action Awareness, application Cultural congruent Cultural sensitivity, Cultural safety practice
26 Kamaka (2010) Congruent behavior, attitude, policy Globalization Education, training Immersion, attention Alternative medicine Cultural sensitivity, Cultural immersion
27 Onorati (2010) Reflection of diversity Global convergence Education, social welfare system Knowledge, communication, perception Human relationship Transcultural sensitivity
28 Schumacher (2010) Unclear Immigration Need, belief Knowledge, maintenance Cultural congruent care Transcultural nursing
29 Wilson (2010) Nursing intervention with openness Disparity Desire, evaluation, communication Awareness, knowledge, skill Care quality, positive mental health Cultural brokering
30 Tuttas (2011) True collaboration with stranger Increase strangers Belief, value, norm Converting, adjustment Optimal health outcome Enculturation
31 Dudas (2012) Meet need of changing society Population Language, motivation Awareness, communication Organizational benefit Culturally concordant care, culturally attuned care
32 Epner (2012) Patient centered care Dynamic society Sex, age, politics, status Communication, intimacy, understanding Patient centeredness Patient centered competency
33 Perng (2012) Dynamic ongoing proces Globalization Multi-culture Nonjudgement, openness, flexibility, ability Equality, patient satisfaction Cultural sensitivity, cultural capacity
34 Rew (2012) Unclear Difference, diversity Service, difference Tolerance, communication, understanding Holistic nursing Unclear
35 Isaacson (2014) Diverse of care Minority, vulnerability Minority, vulnerability Education Advocation, attention, reflection Patient safety Cultural humility
Attributes of Cultural Nursing Competency
Domains Attributes Features Dimensions
Cognition Sensitivity Knowing Awareness
Understanding
Tailoring
Desire
Reflection
Affection Equality Respect Openness
Diversity
Humility
Acceptance
Tolerance
Behavior Activity Encounter Coherence
Approach
Communication
Mediating
Practice