jnh Journal of Nutrition and Health J Nutr Health 2288-3886 2288-3959 The Korean Nutrition Society 10.4163/jnh.2015.48.6.468 jnh-48-468 Research Article Oxidative damage biomarker levels according to Mn-SOD and GST gene polymorphisms in preschool children∗ ShinYou-kyung 1 2 ChoiJi-Won 1 OhSe-Young 1 ChungJayong 1 † Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea R&D center, Seoul Dairy Cooperative, Ansan, Kyunggi 15407, Korea †To whom correspondence should be addressed. tel: +82-2-961-0977, e-mail: jchung@khu.ac.kr

This work was supported by grants from the Basic Science Research Program of the National Research Foundation (NRF2013

 012015 19012015 486468 475 9September2015 25September2015 16October2015 Copyright © 2015 The Korean Nutrition Society 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose:

Genetic polymorphisms in antioxidant defense and detoxification genes may modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers.

 Methods:

A total of 301 healthy preschool-aged children in the Seoul and Kyunggi areas were recruited. DNA was extracted from blood for genotyping of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) Val16Ala, glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, and GSTM1 present/null polymorphisms by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism or multiplex PCR analyses. In addition to a questionnaire survey, the levels of urinary 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by ELISA.

 Results:

Significantly higher urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were observed in GSTP1 Ile/Val + Val/Val genotype (p = 0.030), and tended to be higher in Mn-SOD Val/Val genotype (p = 0.065). On the other hand, exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and interaction between ETS and gene polymorphisms did not significantly influence either urinary 8-OHdG concentrations or serum MDA.

 Conclusion:

Based on our findings, GSTP1 Ile/Val gene polymorphisms might modulate the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in healthy preschool children.

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The levels of urinary 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) according to exposure to environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) and gene polymorphisms. [(A) Mn-SOD, (B) GSTP1, (C) GSTT1, and (D) GSTM1] Data were analyzed using GLM models adjusted for age, sex, and nutrient supplement intake.

General characteristics of the study population

  Total Boys Girls p2)
  (n = 301) (n = 154) (n = 147)
Age (years) 5.2 ± 0.1 5.2 ± 0.11) 5.2 ± 0.1 0.936
Height (cm) 114.7 ± 0.5 115.6 ± 0.6 113.8 ± 0.7 0.065
Weight (kg) 20.3 ± 0.2 20.8 ± 0.3 19.7 ± 0.3 0.012
BMI (kg/m2) 15.3 ± 0.1 15.5 ± 0.1 15.1 ± 0.1 0.065
Environmental tobacco smoking 48 (15.9) 20 (13.0) 28 (19.0) 0.131
Use of nutrient supplement during last 6 months 102 (33.9) 56 (36.4) 46 (31.3) 0.390

Values are means ± SE or n (%).

p for difference between boys and girls

Genotype distributions and allelic frequencies for Mn SOD, GSTP1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms in the stud population

  Total Boys Girls p 2)
  (n = 301) (n = 154) (n = 147)
Mn-SOD
  Val/Val 240 (79.7) 124 (80.5) 116 (78.9) 0.627
  Val/Ala 55 (18.3) 26 (16.9) 29 (19.7)  
  Ala/Ala 6 (2.0) 4 (2.6) 2 (1.4)  
  Val allele 535 (88.9) 274 (89.0) 261 (88.8) 0.730
  Ala allele 67 (11.1) 34 (11.0) 33 (11.2)  
GSTP1
  Ile/Ile 219 (72.8) 112 (72.7)1) 107 (72.8) 0.948
  Ile/Val 75 (24.9) 38 (24.7) 37 (25.2)  
  Val/Val 7 (2.3) 4 (2.6) 3 (2.0)  
  Ile allele 513 (85.2) 262 (85.1) 251 (85.4) 0.990
  Val allele 89 (14.8) 46 (14.9) 43 (14.6)  
GSTT1
  Present 148 (49.2) 73 (47.4) 75 (51.0) 0.532
  Null 153 (50.8) 81 (52.6) 72 (49.0)  
GSTM1
  Present 125 (41.5) 63 (40.9) 62 (42.2) 0.824
  Null 176 (58.5) 91 (59.1) 85 (57.8)  

Values are n (%).

p for difference between boys and girls

Concentrations of oxidative stress markers according to polymorphisms

  Urinary 8-OHdG (µM/mg creatinine)   Plasma MDA (µM)  
Total 9.73 ± 0.30 (73)1)   0.60 ± 0.03 (104)  
Mn-SOD
  Val/Val 9.99 ± 0.36 (63) 0.065 2) 0.59 ± 0.04 (84) 0.660
  Val/Ala + Ala/Ala 7.77 ± 1.12 (10)   0.64 ± 0.10 (20)  
GSTP1
  Ile/Ile 9.25 ± 0.41 (51) 0.030 0.58 ± 0.05 (75) 0.349
  Ile/Val + Val/Val 10.89 ± 0.60 (22)   0.66 ± 0.08 (29)  
GSTT1
  Present 9.52 ± 0.54 (42) 0.527 0.62 ± 0.06 (57) 0.652
  Null 9.98 ± 0.47 (31)   0.59 ± 0.05 (47)  
GSTM1
  Present 9.48 ± 0.59 (47) 0.534 0.58 ± 0.06 (63) 0.625
  Null 9.95 ± 0.44 (26)   0.62 ± 0.05 (41)  

Values are means ± SE (n).

p for difference between genotypes after adjusted for age and sex