Extraosseous pulmonary chondrosarcoma is a rare neoplasm, which is characterized into two groups. One is termed a primary chondrosarcoma, and arise de novo (bronchial cartilage), the other is termed a secondary chondrosarcoma, and is superimposed on preexisting benign cartilagenous neoplasms, such as a chondroma or hamartoma. The preferred treatment is surgical resection. We recently experienced a secondary chondrosarcoma changed from a hamartoma.

A 54-year-old woman was referred to our hospital becaused of an abnormal chest X-ray with mild dyspnea. We performed a percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy and sputum examination. The abnormal mass had been diagnosed as a chondromatous hamortoma wit active pulmonary tuberculosis, which had been treated with anti-tuberculosis regimens. Despite her medication, and abnormal mass had grown. Therefore, we undertook a pneumonectomy with chest wall reconstruction.

Histopathologically, the mass was grade II, dedifferenciated chondrosarcoma, with chronic granulomatous inflammation and necrosis.

We suggest this case had changed from a chondromatous hamartoma to a dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, with associated pulmonary tuberculosis. We report this case with a brief literature review.