The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals.
Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis(response rate 29.0%).
Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools(66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5).
The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.
General Characteristics (
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Type | National or public | 7 (16.7) |
| Private | 35 (83.3) | |
| Classification | College of nursing | 14 (33.3) |
| Department of nursing | 21 (50.0) | |
| Junior college | 7 (16.7) | |
| Established year | Before 1979 | 11 (26.2) |
| 1980~1989 | 5 (11.9) | |
| 1990~1999 | 11 (26.2) | |
| 2000~2009 | 7 (16.7) | |
| After 2010 | 8 (19.0) |
Status of Practice and Teaching-learning Methods (
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Practical credit | 2 | 6 (14.3) |
| 3 | 28 (66.7) | |
| 4 | 8 (19.0) | |
| Practice institution |
Public health center | 42 (100.0) |
| Public health center branch | 14 (33.3) | |
| Public health center post | 17 (40.5) | |
| Occupational health center | 17 (40.5) | |
| School health center | 8 (19.0) | |
| Community child center | 3 (7.1) | |
| Senior welfare center | 3 (7.1) | |
| Visiting health center | 3 (7.1) | |
| Health promotion center | 2 (4.8) | |
| PHWA | 2 (4.8) | |
| Others | 4 (9.6) | |
| Applicable diagnosis classification system |
NANDA | 12 (28.6) |
| OMAHA system | 34 (81.0) | |
| HHCC | 6 (14.3) | |
| ICNP | 7 (16.7) | |
| Others | 7 (16.7) | |
| Teaching method |
Problemd based learning | 6 (14.3) |
| Team based learning | 15 (35.7) | |
| Flipped learning | 4 (9.5) | |
| Group study | 37 (88.1) | |
| Others | 1 (2.4) |
PHWA=Population health and welfare association; NANDA= North American nursing diagnosis association; HHCC=Home health care classification; ICNP=International classication for nursing;
Multiple responses.
Actual Application of Core Fundamental Nursing Skills
| Characteristics | Categories | n (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation items | Vital signs | 16 (38.1) |
| Subcutaneous injection | 18 (42.9) | |
| Intradermal injection | 4 (9.5) | |
| Oral administration | 6 (14.3) | |
| CPR | 3 (7.1) | |
| Evaluation methods of | Direct evaluation | 27 (64.3) |
| Indirect evaluation | 3 (7.1) | |
| (based on WEB etc) | ||
| Peer evaluation | 3 (7.1) | |
| Paper test | 6 (14.3) | |
| Others | 3 (7.1) | |
| Evaluation time of | Orientation | 1 (2.6) |
| Rounding | 9 (23.1) | |
| Conference | 8 (20.5) | |
| After practice | 14 (35.9) | |
| Others | 10 (24.4) |
Status and Evaluation Methods by Program Outcome
| Variables | PO1 | PO2 | PO3 | PO4 | PO5 | PO6 | PO7 | PO8 | PO9 | PO10 | PO11 | PO12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Guidebook |
24 (23.8) | 5 (12.2) | 1 (5.0) | 7 (16.3) | 6 (25.0) | 7 (14.6) | 4 (30.8) | 5 (29.4) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (28.6) | - | 4 (15.4) |
| Report |
14 (13.9) | 2 (4.9) | 2 (10.0) | 15 (34.9) | 6 (25.0) | 21 (43.8) | 1 (7.7) | - | - | 1 (14.3) | - | 9 (34.6) |
| OLA |
10 (9.9) | 5 (12.2) | 4 (20.0) | 7 (16.3) | 6 (25.0) | 4 (8.3) | 4 (30.8) | 3 (17.6) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (14.3) | - | 1 (3.8) |
| CFN |
41 (40.6) | 24 (58.5) | 9 (45.0) | 7 (16.3) | 1 (4.2) | 11 (22.9) | 1 (7.7) | 3 (17.6) | - | 1 (14.3) | - | 3 (11.5) |
| Paper test |
4 (4.0) | 1 (2.4) | - | 1 (2.3) | 3 (12.5) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (7.7) | 4 (23.5) | - | 1 (14.3) | - | 3 (11.5) |
| EWR |
7 (6.9) | 4 (9.8) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (4.7) | 2 (8.3) | 4 (8.3) | 1 (7.7) | 2 (11.8) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (14.3) | - | 6 (23.1) |
| Attitude |
- | - | 3 (15.0) | 4 (9.3) | - | - | 1 (7.7) | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total | 101 (100.0) | 41 (100.0) | 20 (100.0) | 43 (100.0) | 24 (100.0) | 48 (100.0) | 13 (100.0) | 17 (100.0) | 3 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 26 (100.0) |
PO1=Carries out comprehensive nursing practices based on a variety of liberal arts and disciplinary knowledge; PO2=Carries out core nursing practices for clients/groups in a variety of settings; PO3=Communicates health using formal and informal channels of communication; PO4=Demonstrates collaboration with other sectors in promoting health; PO5=Demonstrates important of the roles management of each member of the team in th delivery of health care; PO6=Applies the nursing process based on critical thinking and clinical reasoning; PO7=Understands standards of the nursing profession; PO8=Provides nursing service in accord with ethical standards and practice codes of the nursing profession; PO9=Comparsion and analysis a principle of nursing leadership; PO10=Demonstrates leadership ability; PO11=Contributes to the process of nursing research; PO12=Recognizes domestic and foreign health care policy changes; OLA=Onsite Leader Assessment; CFN=Core fundamental nursing; EWR=Evaluation when rounding;
Multiple responses.
Weight on Possibility of Achieving Learning Goals by Practical Areas Unit
| Course objectives of community health nursing (Guideline for national examination) | Public health agency | School | OHC | SWC | Others (VHC, CHC) | Possibility to achieve M (Range 1~5) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHC | PHCB | PHCP | |||||||
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||
| Assessment of community health care need | Understanding of health policy | 36 (85.7) | 8 (19.0) | 6 (14.3) | 2 (4.8) | 3 (7.1) | 1 (2.4) | 4 (9.6) | 3.9 |
| Applying epidemiology and statistics | 31 (73.8) | 8 (19.0) | 7 (16.7) | 2 (4.8) | 4 (9.5) | 3 (7.1) | 3.4 | ||
| Nursing assessment in community | 36 (85.7) | 11 (26.2) | 9 (21.4) | 2 (4.8) | 4 (9.5) | 4 (9.5) | 4.3 | ||
| Health equity and cultural diversity | 28 (66.7) | 10 (23.8) | 6 (14.3) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) | 3 (7.1) | 3.5 | ||
| Planning of public health program | Planning of public health program | 36 (85.7) | 7 (16.7) | 5 (11.9) | 4 (4.8) | 4 (9.5) | 1 (2.4) | 2 (4.8) | 3.9 |
| Resource utilization | 34 (81.0) | 6 (14.3) | 5 (11.9) | 2 (4.8) | 4 (9.5) | 1 (2.4) | 4 (9.5) | 3.8 | |
| Health promotion by population group | Health promotion program | 36 (85.7) | 10 (23.8) | 7 (16.7) | 3 (7.1) | 5 (11.9) | 2 (4.8) | 6 (16.7) | 4.3 |
| Primary health care | 31 (73.8) | 11 (26.2) | 13 (31.0) | 3 (7.1) | 4 (9.5) | 1 (2.4) | 4 (11.9) | 4.4 | |
| Infectious and chronic disease control | 34 (81.0) | 9 (21.4) | 9 (21.4) | - | 2 (4.8) | 1 (2.4) | 4 (11.9) | 3.9 | |
| Safe and environment | Environment health | 15 (35.7) | 5 (11.9) | 5 (11.9) | 3 (7.1) | 4 (9.5) | 1 (2.4) | 2.8 | |
| Disaster management | 14 (33.3) | 3 (7.1) | 2 (4.8) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) | 1 (2.4) | 2.4 | ||
PHC=public health center; PHCB=public health center branch; PHCP=public health center post; OHC=occupational health center; SWC=senior welfare center; CHC=community child center; VHC=visiting health center;
Range 1~5:1=Very low, 2=Low, 3=Common, 4=High, 5=Very high.