JKACHN Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 1225-9594 2288-4203 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 10.12799/jkachn.2017.28.3.240 jkachn-28-240 Original Article A Comparative Study about Risk Factors Influencing Suicide Ideation between Korean and Multicultural Adolescents LeeHanju Department of Nursing, Sangmyung University, Cheonan, Korea Corresponding author: Lee, Hanju Department of Nursing, Sangmyung University, 31 Sangmyungdae-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31066, Korea. Tel: +82-41-550-5429, Fax: +82-41-550-5545, E-mail: dalbich@smu.ac.kr 092017 12092017 28 3 240 250 10032017 06072017 09072017 Copyright © 2017 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2017 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Purpose

In South Korea, suicide mortality has rapidly increased, so it has become a major public health concern. Multicultural adolescents are regarded as a high-risk group due to their situation. In this study, we compared the prevalence and risk factors of suicide ideation between Korean and multicultural adolescents.

 Methods

Data from the eleventh Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (2015), collected by the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were statistically analyzed using the descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. The total participants were 63,376 in numbers. They were composed of 62,649 (98.9%) Korean and 727 (1.1%) multicultural adolescents.

 Results

I found that the prevalence of suicide ideation was significantly higher among the multicultural adolescents (15.8%) compared with those of Korean (11.3%). The risk factors of suicide ideation in the Korean group were co-residence without family, poor perceived health status, depressive mood, high stress level, poor perceived happiness level, and experience of violence. Conversely, the risk factors of the multicultural group were smoking, depressive mood, and experience of violence.

 Conclusion

These findings suggest that appropriate and practical prevention strategies should focus on psychological and environmental factors in order to prevent suicide ideation and reduce suicide behavior in Korean and multicultural adolescents.

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Demographic Characteristics and Prevalence of Suicide Ideation of Participants (N=63,376)

Variables Categories Korean adolescents Multicultural adolescents x2 or t (p)
M±SD, n (%) M±SD, n (%)
Age (year) 15.07±0.02 14.85±0.06 2.77 (.006)
Gender Male 32,339 (52.0) 376 (54.2) 1.24 (.280)
Female 30,310 (48.0) 351 (45.8)
Area of residence Rural 4,864 (5.9) 172 (15.1) 95.47 (＜.001)
Large city 27,941 (43.8) 232 (35.1)
Small/Medium city 29,844 (50.2) 323 (49.8)
Economic status Low 9,398 (15.0) 206 (28.1) 92.42 (＜.001)
Medium 29,805 (47.4) 352 (46.4)
High 23,446 (37.6) 169 (25.5)
Co-residence status Lives with family 60,116 (96.4) 640 (86.6) 165.75 (＜.001)
Lives without family 2,533 (3.6) 87 (13.4)
Academic performance Low 20,815 (33.4) 315 (43.3) 26.84 (＜.001)
Medium 17,709 (28.3) 177 (24.1)
High 24,125 (38.3) 235 (32.6)
Perceived health Bad 3,477 (5.6) 52 (7.0) 10.09 (.003)
Moderate 13,256 (21.3) 183 (25.6)
Good 45,916 (73.1) 492 (67.4)
Present drinking† No 14,806 (59.8) 145 (57.6) 0.46 (.493)
Yes 9,784 (40.2) 110 (42.4)
Present smoking† No 5,832 (56.9) 70 (44.9) 8.18 (.004)
Yes 4,358 (43.1) 76 (55.1)
Happiness perception Unhappy 4,770 (7.8) 77 (10.9) 9.70 (.005)
Moderate 16,248 (26.3) 192 (27.6)
Happy 41,631 (65.9) 458 (61.5)
Mental stress Not feel 13,175 (20.7) 146 (18.8) 11.47 (.002)
Moderate 27,667 (44.3) 285 (39.6)
Much feel 21,807 (35.1) 296 (41.6)
Depression No 48,287 (76.9) 532 (72.1) 7.74 (.003)
Yes 1,4362 (23.1) 195 (27.9)
Experience of violence No 61,542 (98.1) 675 (91.8) 126.06 (＜.001)
Yes 1,197 (1.9) 52 (8.2)
Suicide ideation No 55,654 (88.7) 622 (84.2) 12.06 (.001)
Yes 6,995 (11.3) 105 (15.8)
Total 62,649 (98.9) 727 (1.1)

Limited to those who have ever smoked or alcohol drink.

Association between Variables and Suicide Ideation (Yes) by Family Origin

Variables Categories Korean adolescents Multicultural adolescents
n (%) x2 (p) n (%) x2 (p)
Gender Male 1,916 (9.2) 296.78 (＜001) 41 (13.3) 4.06 (.091)
Female 4,079 (13.6) 64 (18.7)
Area of residence Rural 481 (9.8) 9.18 (.021) 18 (11.4) 1.87 (.525)
Large city 3,099 (11.3) 38 (16.8)
Small/Medium 3,415 (11.5) 49 (16.3)
Economic status Low 1,682 (17.9) 482.07 (＜001) 46 (23.5) 13.69 (.002)
Medium 2,987 (10.1) 35 (11.6)
High 2,326 (10.1) 24 (14.8)
Co-residence status Lives with family 6,686 (11.2) 11.51 (.001) 81 (13.6) 16.12 (.001)
Lives without family 309 (13.5) 24 (29.6)
Academic performance Low 2,831 (13.8) 201.70 (＜001) 52 (18.2) 3.77 (.203)
Medium 1,789 (10.0) 21 (11.5)
High 2,375 (10.0) 32 (15.7)
Perceived health Bad 975 (28.2) 1,618.84 (＜001) 15 (28.3) 12.08 (.003)
Moderate 2,090 (16.0) 35 (20.2)
Good 3,930 (8.6) 55 (12.8)
Present drinking No 1,901 (12.8) 59.35 (＜001) 16 (11.6) 10.14 (.005)
Yes 1,569 (16.3) 28 (27.2)
Present smoking No 818 (14.0) 21.32 (＜001) 16 (23.4) 0.96 (.402)
Yes 757 (17.3) 23 (30.7)
Happiness perception Unhappy 2,078 (43.5) 6,604.96 (＜001) 37 (44.9) 65.37 (＜001)
Moderate 2,504 (15.4) 30 (18.4)
Happy 2,413 (5.8) 38 (9.4)
Mental stress Not feel 280 (2.3) 5,268.78 (＜001) 10 (8.5) 30.67 (＜001)
Moderate 1,570 (5.7) 26 (9.9)
Much feel 5,145 (23.7) 69 (24.6)
Depression No 1,936 (4.1) 10,834.07 (＜001) 24 (5.6) 145.42 (＜001)
Yes 5,059 (35.3) 81 (42.0)
Experience of violence No 6,566 (10.8) 730.73 (＜001) 80 (12.7) 55.90 (＜001)
Yes 429 (35.9) 25 (49.5)

Determinants of Suicide Ideation by Family Origin

Variables Categories Korean adolescents Multicultural adolescents
OR (CI) p OR (CI) p
Sociodemographic Gender Male (Ref) Female 1.43 (1.22~1.69) ＜.001 13.16 (5.63~30.78) ＜.001
Area of residence Rural Large city Small/Medium (Ref) 1.17 (0.89~1.53) 1.15 (0.99~1.34) .157 0.70 (0.29~1.70) 0.74 (0.34~1.62) .637
Economic status High (Ref) Low 1.09 (0.93~1.29) .278 21.53 (5.75~80.57) ＜.001
Co-residence status Lives with family (Ref) Lives without family 1.48 (1.14~1.92) .003 1.39 (0.42~4.56) .592
Academic performance High (Ref) Low 0.92 (0.79~1.06) .249 2.54 (0.17~38.11) .499
Health risk behavior Perceived health Healthy (Ref) Unhealthy 1.37 (1.08~1.75) .011 2.08 (0.69~6.25) .194
Alcohol drinking (yes) 0.98 (0.85~1.17) .976 2.85 (0.51~16.05) .234
Smoking (yes) 1.10 (.95~1.28) .193 0.08 (0.03~0.22) ＜.001
Psychological variables Happiness perception Happy (Ref) Unhappy 3.29 (2.760~3.91) ＜.001 1.65 (0.39~7.08) .493
Mental stress Not feel (Ref) Feel 2.70 (2.01~3.63) ＜.001 3.16 (1.45~6.88) .004
Depression (yes) 8.68 (7.45~10.12) ＜.001 18.87 (2.98~119.60) .002
Experience of violence (yes) 3.32 (2.45~4.50) ＜.001 54.08 (23.63~123.76) ＜.001

OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval; Ref=reference.