JKACHN Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 1225-9594 2288-4203 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 10.12799/jkachn.2016.27.2.144 jkachn-27-144 Original Article HPV Knowledge, HPV Vaccination Intention, and Barriers on HPV Vaccination in Male Undergraduate Students of Health Department and Non-health Department ChoiJung Ah1 KimKyoung Ah2 Seoul Women’s College of Nursing, Seoul, Korea Department of Nursing, Woosong University, Daejeon, Korea Corresponding author: Kim, Kyoung Ah Department of Nursing, Woosong University, 34606 171 Dongdaejeon-ro, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34606, Korea. Tel: +82-42-630-9297, Fax: +82-42-630-9299, E-mail: kamaria@wsu.ac.kr 062016 12062016 27 2 144 152 22022016 05042016 23052016 Copyright © 2016 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify the level of Human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge, intention of HPV vaccination, and barriers on HPV vaccination among male undergraduate students of Health department and Non-health department.

 Methods

A total of 149 male undergraduate students responded to self-administered questionnaires about their HPV knowledge, HPV vaccination intention, and their barriers on HPV vaccination. ANOVA, t-test and x2 test (Fisher's exact test) were used for data analysis.

 Results

Mean score of HPV knowledge was 3.39±3.05, and there was significant difference between Health department (4.15±3.08) and Non-health department (2.58±2.82) in HPV knowledge (t=3.241, p=.001). There was no significant difference in HPV vaccination acceptance between the two groups. The barriers on HPV vaccination were ‘lack of information about HPV vaccine efficacy’ and ‘lack of information about HPV vaccination time and strategy’, and there were significant differences in barriers on HPV vaccination between the two groups.

 Conclusion

The knowledge on HPV was low, and HPV vaccination was hindered due to lack of information about HPV vaccine despite their intention to obtain HPV vaccine. HPV education to promote HPV vaccination should be targeted among male students.

 Human papilloma virus Knowledge Vaccination Male References BaekSSSongMSJeonMSKnowledge of HPV and HPV vaccine and intention for STDs prevention between male and female undergraduate studentsJournal of the Korean Data Analysis Society201214631493161 BelaniHKSekarPGuhaniyogiRAbrahamABohjanenPRBohjanenKHuman papillomavirus vaccine acceptance among young men in IndiaInternational Journal of Dermatology20145311e486e491http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijd.12401 Center for Disease Control and PreventionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) [Internet]Atlanta, GACenter for Disease Control and Prevention2015[cited 2015 September 19]. Available from:http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/parents/vaccine.html FerrisDGWallerJLMillerJPatelPPriceGAJacksonLVariables associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance by menThe Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine20092213442http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.2009.01.080008 KannLKinchenSShanklinSLFlintKHKawkinsJHarrisWAYouth risk behavior surveillance-United States 2013Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report Surveillance Summaries201463Suppl 41168 KimJALeeJYAnalysis of actual condition and the related predicting factors for sexual experience of university students in KoreaThe Journal of the Korean Public Health Association20144037180 Korea Centers for Disease Control and PreventionThe eighth (2012) Korea youth risk behavior web-based surveySeoulKorea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention2012350 p LimSH2030 sexual experience faster, surging onset of genital wartsThe Hankookilbo2015 May 18Sect. 14 HeckmanCJFangCYJayoIPilot Study: Health behaviors associated with HPV vaccine uptake among adolescentsJournal of Primary Care & Community Health201233170173http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131911429574 HolcombBBaileyJMCrawfordKRuffinMTAdults’ knowledge and behaviors related to human papillomavirus infectionJournal of the American Board of Family Practice2004171 2631http://dx.doi.org/10.3122/jabfm.17.1.26 JunEMKnowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV) and attitude and acceptance of HPV vaccination among womenJournal of the Korean Data Analysis Society201012630733086 KangSWJunEMThe study of human papillomavirus vaccination acceptance in married womenJournal of the Korean Data Analysis Society2013151237249 KimHWComparison of factors associated with intention to receive human papillomavirus vaccine between male and female undergraduate studentsKorean Journal of Women Health Nursing2011174415425 KimHWFactors influencing mothers’ acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination to prevent cervical cancer in their daughtersKorean Journal of Women Health Nursing2011172137147 KimHWAhnHYStudy on the knowledge of human papilloma virus in female university studentsKorean Journal of Women Health Nursing20071311320 LeeSYHanMAParkJRyuSYFactors associated with human papillomavirus vaccination and intention among male and female college studentsKorean Journal of Health Promotion2015153141149 ParkSJParkHJKnowledge regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus and acceptance of vaccination in Korean adult menJournal of Korean Academy of Fundamental Nursing2012192201211 WongMLeeANgaiKLJosetteCYChanKSKnowledge, attitude, practice and barriers on vaccination against human papillomavirus Infection: A cross-sectional study among primary care physicians in Hong KongPLOS ONE201388e71827http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071827 NewmanPLogieCDoukasNAsakuraKHPV vaccine acceptability among men: a systematic review and meta-analysisSexually Transmitted Infections2013897568574http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2012-050980 EoYSLeeNYKimJSA study on the level of health beliefs and knowledge about human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination among health college studentsJournal of Fishries and Marine Sciences Education2004262345356 ShinHRFranceschiSVaccarellaSRohJWJuYHOhJKPrevalence and determinants of genital infection with papillomavirus in female and male university students in Busan, South KoreaThe Journal of Infectious disease20041903468476 ShinHKParkHJKnowledge regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV) and intention for vaccination among the personnel in Korean military serviceJournal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing2015222158168 TisiGSalinaroFApostoliPBassaniRBelliciniAGroppiLHPV vaccination acceptability in young boysAnnali dell’ lstituto Superiore di Sanita2013493286291http://dx.doi.org/10.4415/ANN_13_03_09 SharonJMHelenSMMaureenWAnntetteJBraunackMRobRRebeccaLTFactors associated with HPV vaccine uptake in teenage girls: A systematic reviewVaccine2012302435463556 LeeSYLeeJEGiMGKangCAn overview of immunization and efficacy of human papillomavirus vaccinesPublic Health Weekly Report201475211621166 LeeMHKangHSLeeKYKnowledge, attitude, and motivation of human papillomavirus vaccination among Korean womenJournal of the Korean Data Analysis Society201012313651377 CheongHJVaccination necessary for Korean adultsJournal of Korean Medicine Association2011541212891296http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.2011.54.12.1289 Tables

General Characteristics and HPV-related Characteristics (N=149)

Variables Categories Health department (n=77)
 Non-health department (n=72)
 x2 p
n(%) n(%)
Grade 1 20 (13.4) 12 (8.1) 7.77 .051
2 33 (22.1) 47 (31.5)
3 20 (13.4) 10 (6.7)
4 4 (2.7) 3 (2.0)
Allowance (10,000 won/month) ＜10 5 (3.4) 8 (5.4) 1.34 .719
10~＜30 32 (21.5) 30 (20.1)
30~＜50 31 (20.8) 28 (18.8)
≥50 9 (6.0) 6 (4.0)
Smoking Yes 21 (14.1) 21 (14.1) 0.07 .470
No 56 (37.6) 51 (34.2)
Sexual experience Yes 43 (28.9) 39 (26.2) 0.04 .484
No 34 (22.8) 33 (22.1)
Condom use Yes 40 (48.8) 35 (42.7) 0.02 .592
No 3 (3.7) 4 (4.9)
Family history of cancer Yes 19 (12.8) 14 (9.4) 0.59 .285
No 58 (38.9) 58 (38.9)
Awareness about HPV Yes 39 (26.2) 10 (6.7) 22.78 ＜.001
No 38 (25.5) 62 (41.6)
Information sources† (n=55) Health care provider 9 (6.0) 1 (0.7) 6.30 .018
Lecture 27 (18.1) 1 (0.7) 27.65 ＜.001
Internet or TV 13 (8.7) 9 (6.0) 0.57 .495
Friends 2 (1.3) 1 (0.7) 0.28 .525
HPV vaccination‡ Yes 1 (0.7) 0 (0.0) 0.94 .517
No 76 (51.0) 72 (48.3)

†Mutilple responses;

HPV=Human papillomavirus.

Differences in HPV Knowledge (N=149)

Variables Health department (n=77)
 Non-health department (n=72)
 t p
M±SD M±SD
Mean score 3.39±3.05
HPV knowledge 4.15±3.08 2.58±2.82 −3.24 .001
(min: 0, max: 20)

Differences in Correct Response Rate for HPV Knowledge (N=149)

Items Health department (n=77)
 Non-health department (n=72)
 x2 p
% %
1. HPV is realted to the development of the cervical cancer (T) 30.2 12.8 11.73 .001
2. Low risk virus dose not occur the cervical cancer (T) 3.2 0.0 6.24 .045
3. HPV is almost asymptomatic (T) 9.4 7.4 0.03 .518
4. High risk virus causes wart around the genital area (F) 1.3 0.7 0.19 .566
5. Low risk virus causes displasia of the cervical area (F) 3.4 2.7 0.01 .609
6. HPV is one of STDs (T) 28.2 18.8 1.70 .128
7. HPV infection occur in the areas of oral, respiratory tract, and eyes (T) 17.4 6.7 6.31 .011
8. Condom can prevent the infection of HPV (F) 0.7 0.7 0.02 .706
9. HPV infection is a disease related to sexual contact (T) 26.8 16.1 3.01 .059
10. The incubation period for HPV ranged from months to a year (T) 16.1 8.7 2.22 .098
11. Because HPV might cause genital cancer for men, screening test is necessary (F) 1.3 0.0 2.46 .294
12. Once infected, it could not be disappeared unless treated (F) 20.1 6.7 9.78 .002
13. HPV can be disappeared gradually if one has a strong immunity system (T) 7.4 2.7 2.53 .099
14. HPV can be detected on cervical cytology Pap smear (F) 0.0 1.3 3.17 .207
15. A woman who is sexually active is recommended to receive HPV test (F) 4.0 1.3 1.53 .203
16. HPV can be treated with drug and surgery presently (F) 3.4 2.0 0.23 .461
17. It is possible to prevent neonatal infection by cesarean section if a mother is infected by HPV during pregnancy (F) 9.4 6.0 0.47 .327
18. Frequent warts occurrence around the vulva make the possibility of cervical cancer higher (F) 0.7 0.7 0.02 .706
19. HPV infection can be prevented with HPV vaccination (T) 28.2 20.1 0.89 .219
20. HPV occurs mostly during the middle age, menopause (F) 7.4 5.4 0.11 .469

Differences in HPV Vaccination Acceptance (N=149)

Variables Categories Health department (n=77)
 Non-health department (n=72)
 x2 p
n(%) n(%)
HPV vaccination acceptance Yes 44 (29.5) 44 (29.5) 0.24 .373
No 33 (22.1) 28 (18.8)

Barriers on HPV Vaccination (N=149)

Items Health department (n=77)
 Non-health department (n=72)
 x2 p
Unlikely
 Likely
 Neutral
 Unlikely
 Likely
 Neutral
n(%) n(%) n(%) n(%) n(%) n(%)
1. Concern about risk to HPV vaccination or potential disadvantage of HPV vaccination 11(7.4) 22(14.8) 44(29.5) 7(4.7) 20(13.4) 45(30.2) 1.96 .743
2. Cost of vaccination 13(8.7) 29(19.4) 34(22.8) 20(13.4) 19(12.7) 34(22.8) 5.96 .202
3. Perceived lack of time 45(30.2) 6(4.1) 26(17.4) 34(22.8) 16(10.7) 22(14.8) 8.88 .064
4. Fear of HPV vaccination 60(40.2) 4(2.7) 13(8.7) 47(31.5) 11(7.4) 14(9.4) 5.39 .250
5. Fear of needle 57(38.3) 7(4.7) 13(8.7) 57(38.3) 6(4.0) 9(6.0) 1.85 .762
6. Perceived HPV vaccination benefit 34(22.8) 14(9.4) 29(19.5) 21(14.1) 16(10.8) 35(23.5) 8.01 .091
7. Lack of information about HPV vaccine efficacy 8(5.4) 45(30.2) 24(16.1) 2(1.3) 53(35.6) 17(11.4) 16.74 .001
8. Lack of information about HPV vaccination time and strategy 4(2.7) 52(34.9) 21(14.1) 2(1.3) 53(35.6) 17(11.4) 14.01 .003