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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JKACHN</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1225-9594</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2288-4203</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>

<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.12799/jkachn.2011.22.4.377</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Diabetes and Cognitive Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults</article-title>
</title-group>

<contrib-group>

<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Yongsuk</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref>
</contrib>

</contrib-group>

<aff id="A1">Full-time Lecturer, Department of Nursing, Daegu Haany University, Korea.</aff>

<author-notes>
<corresp>Address reprint requests to: Kim, Yongsuk, Daegu Haany University, 25-gil 64, Suseong-ro, Suseong-gu, Daegu 706-060, Korea. Tel: 82-53-770-2283, Fax: 82-53-770-2286, <email>kyss@dhu.ac.kr</email></corresp>
</author-notes>

<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>04</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>22</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>377</fpage>
<lpage>388</lpage>

<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>12</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>05</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>06</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>

<permissions>
<copyright-statement>&#x00A9; 2011 Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>

<abstract>
<sec>
<title>Purpose</title>
<p>This study was to examine the relation between diabetes and cognitive function in older adults.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Eighty community-dwelling patients with diabetes and 506 subjects without diabetes were studied with cognitive function test. Cognitive function was measured by Full-scale IQ, Basic IQ, Executive IQ, Attention Function Index, Working Memory Index, Language Function Index, Visuospatial Function Index, Memory Function Index, and MMSE-K1.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>In model controlling for education, the diabetic group showed significantly lower scores than the non-diabetic group in in Full-scale IQ (<italic>p</italic>=.012), Basic IQ (<italic>p</italic>=.034), Executive IQ (<italic>p</italic>=.014), Attention Function Index (<italic>p</italic>=.002), Working Memory Index (<italic>p</italic>=.037), and Memory Function Index (<italic>p</italic>=.043). The diabetic and non-diabetic groups that were matched for gender, age, and education showed similar differences in 7 out of 9 cognitive measures. The impairments of Full-scale IQ and Memory Function Index in the diabetic group were, respectively, 2.7 and 2.8 times greater than that in the diabetic group.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>These results showed that diabetes should be considered to a factor of cognitive impairment in older adults.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>

<kwd-group>
<kwd>Diabetes mellitus</kwd>
<kwd>Executive function</kwd>
</kwd-group>

</article-meta>
</front>

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</back>

<floats-group>

<table-wrap position="float" id="T1">
<label>Table 1</label>
<caption>
  <p>Demographic and Cognitive Characteristics of Older Adults With versus Without Diabetes (N=586)</p>
</caption>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jkachn-22-377-i001"></graphic>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn>
  <p><sup>&#x2020;</sup>&#x1D499;<sup>2</sup>-test.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>

<table-wrap position="float" id="T2">
<label>Table 2</label>
<caption>
  <p>Cognitive Function of Older Adults With versus Without Diabetes Adjusted for Education Level (ANCOVA results) (N=586)</p>
</caption>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jkachn-22-377-i002"></graphic>
</table-wrap>

<table-wrap position="float" id="T3">
<label>Table 3</label>
<caption>
  <p>Demographic and Cognitive Characteristics of Selected Older Adults With versus Without Diabetes (N=160)</p>
</caption>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jkachn-22-377-i003"></graphic>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn>
  <p><sup>&#x2020;</sup>&#x1D499;<sup>2</sup>-test.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>

<table-wrap position="float" id="T4">
<label>Table 4</label>
<caption>
  <p>Risk of Cognitive Impairments according to Diabetes Status (N=586)</p>
</caption>
<graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="jkachn-22-377-i004"></graphic>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn>
  <p>Note. Impairments are defined as the bottom 10&#x0025; in each variances.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>

</floats-group>

</article>