JKAOH Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health J Korean Acad Oral Health 1225-388X 2093-7784 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 10.11149/jkaoh.2016.40.1.55 jkaoh-40-55 Original Article Effect of preference drinks on tooth color reduction after tooth bleaching: A 12-momth follow-up study GooHyo Jin1 ChoMin Jeong2 JungYun Sook2 KimJi Hye2 DongFan3 SongKeun Bae2 Department of Dental Hygiene, Masan University, Changwon, Korea Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, Daegu, Korea Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea Corresponding Author: Keun Bae Song Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyungpook National University School of Dentistry, 2177 Dalgubeol-daero, Daegu 41940, Korea Tel: +82-53-660-6875 Fax: +82-53-423-2947 E-mail: kbsong@knu.ac.kr 032016 12032016 40 1 55 60 02032016 22032016 23032016 Copyright © 2016 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2016 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Objectives

This study aimed to observe the decrease in tooth color after home and office bleaching due to consumption of juice, soda, and coffee over a period of one year.

 Methods

We obtained written consent from 30 subjects, who were divided into two groups i.e., home bleaching and office bleaching groups. They were treated with opalessence® and Zoom2 whitening gel, and the color of their teeth was assessed using shade Eye-NCC over a one-year period. A self-describing questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of juice, soda, and coffee consumption.

 Results

The changes in color were measured before and after 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Although the tooth color slightly changed after 12 months, the teeth were brighter than the original color. Consumption of juices, sodas, and coffee is thought to be associated with decrease in tooth color, although the change was not statistically significant.

 Conclusions

The ΔE* values showed that the tooth bleaching effect remained for 12 months. Consuming a normal amount of juice, sodas, and coffee does not significantly reduce tooth color after tooth bleaching.

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Changes of tooth color after tooth bleaching

Home bleaching Office bleaching P-value*
CP 10% HP 15%
L* Before 73.43±1.21 72.87±1.17 0.205
After 1 day 77.21±1.39a 75.53±0.81a 0.001
After 1 month 76.39±0.96b 75.78±0.85a 0.092
After 3 months 76.58±0.92b 75.83±0.99a 0.040
After 6 months 75.67±1.54a,b 75.23±1.16a,b 0.480
After 12 months 75.21±1.25a,b 74.31±1.05b 0.022
P-value** <0.001 <0.001
a* Before 0.33±0.37 0.69±0.74 0.236
After 1 day ―0.41±0.26a 0.20±0.49 <0.001
After 1 months ―0.23±0.26a 0.21±0.42 0.001
After 3 months ―0.13±0.37a,b 0.25±0.40 0.009
After 6 months 0.19±0.20b 0.30±0.27 0.144
After 12 months 0.33±0.27b 0.35±0.25 0.899
P-value** <0.001 0.615
b* Before 15.37±2.25 16.03±1.48 0.493
After 1 day 11.02±2.07a 12.67±1.21 0.025
After 1 month 11.91±2.10b 12.76±1.40 0.290
After 3 months 12.34±2.05a,b 13.05±1.39 0.361
After 6 months 12.03±2.31b 13.16±1.79 0.152
After 12 months 11.49±1.67b 12.45±1.45 0.110
P-value** <0.001 0.053

10% Carbamide peroxide (CP 10%), 15% Hydrogen peroxide (HP 15%), mean±SD. P<0.05* Mann-Whitney test. P<0.05** Friedman test.

Different letters denote there are significant difference between period by Willcoxon test.

Differences of tooth shade (ΔE*) after bleaching

Home bleaching Office bleaching P-value*
CP 10% HP 15%
After 1 day 5.93±1.26a 4.64±1.27a 0.007
After 1 month 4.69±1.06b 4.55±1.10a 0.820
After 3 months 4.50±0.94b 4.40±1.26a 0.820
After 6 months 4.22±1.53a,b 4.07±1.16a,b 0.756
After 12 months 4.41±1.24a,b 4.08±1.04a,b 0.467
P-value** <0.001 0.001

10% Carbamide peroxide (CP 10%), 15% Hydrogen peroxide (HP 15%). P<0.05* Mann-Whitney test. P<0.05** Friedman test.

Different letters denote there are significant difference between period by Willcoxon test.

Multiple linear regression analysis of change of tooth color and drinking intake after home bleaching

Home bleaching
Period Independent variable Unstandardized coefficient
 standardized coefficient
 t VIF P-value
B SE
1 month Juice ―0.237 0.394 ―0.182 ―0.600 1.056 0.560
Soda 0.221 0.615 0.108 0.360 1.029 0.726
Coffee ―0.065 0.295 ―0.067 ―0.220 1.074 0.830
F=0.152 R2=―0.222 Durbin-Watson=0.975
3 months Juice ―0.280 0.274 ―0.188 ―1.021 1.005 0.329
Soda ―0.806 0.211 ―0.824 ―3.813 1.376 0.003
Coffee 0.512 0.150 0.738 3.410 1.379 0.006
F=6.162 R2=0.627 Durbin-Watson=1.688
6 months Juice ―0.034 0.394 ―0.023 ―0.087 1.187 0.932
Soda 0.902 0.496 0.488 1.820 1.204 0.096
Coffee ―0.807 0.480 ―0.421 ―1.682 1.051 0.121
F=1.920 R2=0.344 Durbin-Watson=1.291
12 months Juice 0.857 0.551 0.437 1.556 1.144 0.148
Soda ―0.608 0.454 ―0.392 ―1.341 1.238 0.207
Coffee 0.366 0.306 0.351 1.197 1.244 0.256
F=1.168 R2=0.242 Durbin-Watson=1.515

Multiple linear regression analysis of change of tooth color and drinking intake after office bleaching

Office bleaching
Period Independent variable Unstandardized coefficient
 standardized coefficient
 t VIF P-value
B SE
1 month Juice 0.050 0.537 0.042 0.094 2.186 0.927
Soda 0.025 0.274 0.030 0.092 1.162 0.929
Coffee 0.012 0.545 0.010 0.022 2.410 0.983
F=0.010 R2=0.003 Durbin-Watson=2.144
3 months Juice 0.323 0.458 0.265 0.706 1.815 0.495
Soda 0.072 0.353 0.077 0.203 1.859 0.843
Coffee ―0.349 0.393 ―0.252 ―0.888 1.036 0.394
F=0.625 R2=0.146 Durbin-Watson=2.712
6 months Juice 0.884 0.694 0.350 1.273 1.059 0.229
Soda 0.184 0.280 0.185 0.658 1.109 0.524
Coffee 0.118 0.299 0.113 0.394 0.162 0.701
F=0.999 R2=0.214 Durbin-Watson=1.739
12 months Juice 0.249 0.674 0.124 0.370 1.593 0.719
Soda 0.172 0.353 0.189 0.489 2.110 0.635
Coffee 0.223 0.283 0.257 0.787 1.506 0.448
F=1.055 R2=0.224 Durbin-Watson=2.562