JKAOH Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health J Korean Acad Oral Health 1225-388X 2093-7784 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 10.11149/jkaoh.2015.39.4.267 jkaoh-39-267 Original Article Efficacy of dentifrices containing policresulen in controlling dental plaque and gingivitis formation KimBo-Ra1 KoHae-Youn1 HanSun-Young2 KimHee Eun3 JungEun-Ha1 YouA-Ram4 HaWon-Ho4 KwonHo-Keun5 KimBaek-Il1 Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea Department of Dental Hygiene, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea LG Household & Health Care Research Park, Daejeon, Korea Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea Corresponding Author: Baek-Il Kim Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Oral Health, BK21 PLUS Project, Oral Science Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: +82-2-2228-3070 Fax: +82-2-392-2926 E-mail: drkbi@yuhs.ac 122015 12122015 39 4 267 272 01102015 10112015 07122015 Copyright © 2015 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2015 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Objectives

This clinical study aimed to investigate if dentifrices containing policresulen would help to control dental plaque and gingivitis.

 Methods

Seventy-eight eligible adults participated in this double-blind and randomized clinical study after an initial oral examination, calculus removal, and tooth prophylaxis. Two weeks after the procedure, the participants were assigned to three groups using the following dentifrices: (1) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF (control group); (2) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF and 100 ppm policresulen (policresu-len group); and (3) a dentifrice containing 0.22% NaF, 100 ppm policresulen, and 1.00% bamboo salt (policresulen/bamboo group). The participants used only the provided dentifrice (for 1 min, twice a day, over 8 weeks) when brushing their teeth and followed their normal brushing habits. Dental plaque accumulation and gingivitis measurements were conducted using the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein plaque index (PI), the Löe and Silness gingival index (GI), and the percent bleeding on probing (%BOP) to obtain baseline data and 4- and 8-week data after grouping.

 Results

A total of 73 participants aged 35.92±11.46 years (mean±SD) completed the study. The results after 8 weeks demonstrated statistically significant group-by-time interactions for PI, GI, and %BOP (P<0.001). The PI observed in the control groups increased over time up to 6%, while that observed in the dentifrice groups containing policresulen decreased by 5% (P<0.001). For GI and %BOP, the control group exhibited significantly higher values after 8 weeks, while the policresulen and the policresulen/ bamboo groups revealed similar index values as the baseline after 4 and 8 weeks. The changes in all indices were significantly different between the control and the two experimental groups. There were no significant differences in the results obtained from the policresulen/bamboo group and the results obtained from the policresulen group.

 Conclusions

Use of dentifrices containing policresulen over 8 weeks demonstrated anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis efficacy compared to a control dentifrice.

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Major active ingredients in three dentifrices used in this study

Dentifrice groups Active ingredients and compositions
Control 0.22% sodium fluoride and 14.00% dental type silica
Policresulen 0.22% sodium fluoride, 14.00% dental type silica, and 100 ppm policresulen
Policresulen/Bamboo salt 0.22% sodium fluoride, 14.00% dental type silica, 100 ppm policresulen, and 1.00% bamboo salt

General characteristics of study population

Group Sex Total number of participants (%) Age
Male (%) Female (%) Mean (SD)
Control 11 (44.00) 14 (56.00) 25 (100) 37.80 (12.82)
Policresulen 15 (57.70) 11 (42.30) 26 (100) 35.85 (10.50)
Policresulen/Bamboo salt 10 (45.50) 12 (54.50) 22 (100) 33.91 (11.07)
P-value 0.564* 0.515†

SD=standard deviation.

P-value was obtained by chi-square test to compare differences in proportions among the three groups. †P-value was obtained by one-way ANOVA to determine differences in mean age among the three groups.

Changes in plaque index scores of dentifrice groups

Groups Baseline 4-week 8-week P* ∆4-week† ∆8-week‡
Control 3.09 (0.41)a 3.24 (0.34)b 3.27 (0.42)b <0.001 0.15 (0.26)A 0.18 (0.31)A
Policresulen 3.29 (0.37)a 3.20 (0.46)a,b 3.11 (0.44)b ―0.09 (0.28)B ―0.18 (0.33)B
Policresulen/Bamboo salt 3.30 (0.41)a 3.13 (0.35)b 3.12 (0.44)b ―0.16 (0.21)B ―0.18 (0.23)B

All values denote means (standard deviations).

P-value <0.05 means that there are significant interactions between group and time by repeated measures ANOVA.

Different superscript letters within groups denote significant difference among time points.

Different superscript letters in the same colum, denote significant difference among groups (Scheffé’s post hoc, P<0.05).

∆4-week = PI score obtained 4 weeks after use ― PI score obtained at baseline.

∆8-week = PI score obtained 8 weeks after use ― PI score obtained at baseline.

Changes in gingival index scores of dentifrice groups

Groups Baseline 4-week 8-week P* ∆4-week† ∆8-week‡
Control 0.78 (0.18)a 0.89 (0.23)b 0.97 (0.22)c <0.001 0.11 (0.14)A 0.19 (0.12)A
Policresulen 0.78 (0.11)a 0.76 (0.15)a 0.77 (0.19)a ―0.03 (0.13)B ―0.01 (0.13)B
Policresulen/Bamboo salt 0.77 (0.13)a 0.83 (0.18)a 0.77 (0.16)a 0.06 (0.13)A,B 0.00 (0.13)B

All values denote means (standard deviations).

P-value <0.05 means that there are significant interactions between group and time by repeated measures ANOVA.

Different superscript letters within groups denote significant difference among time points.

Different superscript letters in the same column denote significant difference among groups (Scheffé’s post hoc, P<0.05).

∆4-week = GI score obtained 4 weeks after use ― GI score obtained at baseline.

∆8-week = GI score obtained 8 weeks after use ― GI score obtained at baseline.

Changes in the percent bleeding on probing of dentifrice groups

Groups Baseline 4-week 8-week P* ∆4-week† ∆8-week‡
Control 29.50 (8.79)a 34.09 (10.57)b 37.42 (11.02)c <0.001 4.60 (7.18)A 7.92 (6.11)A
Policresulen 29.03 (7.50)a 26.52 (7.88)a 28.46 (8.36)a ―2.51 (8.83)B ―0.56 (8.91)B
Policresulen/Bamboo salt 25.92 (6.30)a 27.98 (7.81)a 24.74 (6.52)a 2.06 (6.68)A,B ―1.19 (6.48)B

All values denote means (standard deviations).

P-value <0.05 means that there are significant interactions between group and time by repeated measures ANOVA.

Different superscript letters within groups denote significant difference among time points.

Different superscript letters in the same column, denote significant difference among groups (Scheffé’s post hoc, P<0.05).

∆4-week = %BOP score obtained 4 weeks after use ― %BOP score obtained at baseline.

∆8-week = %BOP score obtained 8 weeks after use ― %BOP score obtained at baseline.