JKAOH Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health J Korean Acad Oral Health 1225-388X 2093-7784 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 10.11149/jkaoh.2014.38.2.95 jkaoh-38-95 Original Article Dental caries pattern in primary dentition among Korean children LeeByong-Gun LeeHeung-Soo JuHyun-Jeong OhHyo-Won Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, Iksan, Korea Corresponding Author: Heung-Soo Lee Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentisty, Wonkwang University College of Dentistry, 460 Iksan-daero, Iksan 570-749, Korea Tel: +82-63-850-6851 Fax: +82-63-850-6851 E-mail: smagn@wonkwang.ac.kr 062014 12062014 38 2 95 104 21052014 20062014 23062014 Copyright © 2014 Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2014 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Objectives

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dental caries pattern in primary dentition of Korean children aged 2-5 years old.

 Methods

The dental caries pattern in primary dentition was analyzed using data from the Korea National Oral Health Survey, 2006. Subjects for this study were 582 children aged 2-5 years old. Statistical analysis was conducted with frequency analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis.

 Results

The tooth with highest prevalence of caries experience at 5 years old was the tooth 85 and the tooth 75 was followed. When dentition was divided on the basis of quadrants, the correlation of caries occurrence was more related to the relationship between the left and right teeth rather than the upper and lower teeth. In particular, the correlation of left and right caries occurrence was high in the mandible. In order to analyze the dental caries pattern under the age of 5 years, we divided the teeth into four clusters, i.e., deciduous incisors, first deciduous molars, mandibular second deciduous molars, and maxillary second deciduous molars. In children aged 2 and 3 years, severe early childhood caries pattern (ECC pattern) was observed. If it was divided into two clusters at age 4, the pattern was visible in which teeth were divided into anterior and posterior caries. Our multiple correspondence analysis results did not perfectly match those of the cluster analysis, but it was helpful to visually identify the teeth showing a similar caries pattern.

 Conclusions

Differences in the dental caries pattern in primary dentition was age dependent. Information on caries pattern in primary dentition by each tooth can be useful for study on caries in primary dentition and clinical care.

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Cluster analysis (under 5 years old).

Multiple correspondence analysis (under 5 years old).

Cluster analysis (2 years old).

Multiple correspondence analysis(2 years old).

Cluster analysis (3 years old).

Multiple correspondence analysis (3 years old).

Cluster analysis (4 years old).

Multiple correspondence analysis (4 years old).

Cluster analysis (5 years old).

Multiple correspondence analysis (under 5 years old).

Distribution of sample by age and gender unit: N (%)

Age (yr)/gender Total Male Female
2 167 (100.0) 90 (54.0) 77 (46.0)
3 125 (100.0) 58 (46.0) 67 (54.0)
4 139 (100.0) 67 (52.0) 72 (48.0)
5 151 (100.0) 78 (52.0) 73 (48.0)
Total 582 (100.0) 293 (50.3) 289 (49.7)

Clustering coefficient of cluster analysis according to age

Stage Age (yr)
2 3 4 5 Under 5 years (2-5 yrs)
Total Male Female
1 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
2 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
3 1.000 1.000 .993 1.000 .998 .997 1.000
4 1.000 1.000 .989 1.000 .994 .991 1.000
5 1.000 1.000 .986 .993 .991 .990 .997
6 1.000 1.000 .978 .986 .988 .988 .990
7 .994 .992 .976 .980 .985 .984 .982
8 .994 .978 .967 .974 .978 .978 .978
9 .993 .976 .950 .964 .969 .969 .969
10 .982 .960 .928 .961 .941 .948 .945
11 .982 .951 .906 .874 .936 .928 .933
12 .976 .928 .899 .871 .919 .918 .931
13 .973 .920 .892 .861 .911 .911 .910
14 .970 .912 .885 .841 .911 .908 .903
15 .966 .908 .848 .834 .866 .874 .870
16 .963 .892 .845 .815 .864 .867 .867
17 .960 .864 .806 .783 .858 .858 .859
18 .950 .836 .792 .744 .852 .843 .856
19 .924 .792 .723 .711 .810 .802 .818

Caries experience in the primary dentition by age

Tooth numer Age
2 (n=167) 3 (n=125) 4 (n=139) 5 (n=151) Total (2-5 yr) (n=582)
#55 3 (1.8) 10 (8.0) 28 (20.1) 36 (23.8) 77 (13.2)
#54 7 (4.2) 18 (14.4) 31 (22.3) 33 (21.9) 89 (15.3)
#53 0 (0) 3 (2.4) 6 (4.3) 5 (3.3) 14 (2.4)
#52 6 (3.6) 6 (4.8) 20 (14.4) 6 (4.0) 38 (6.5)
#51 12 (7.2) 21 (16.8) 29 (20.9) 20 (13.2) 82 (14.1)
#65 6 (3.6) 20 (16.0) 37 (26.6) 48 (31.8) 111 (19.1)
#64 4 (2.4) 16 (12.8) 30 (21.6) 32 (21.2) 82 (14.1)
#63 0 (0) 1 (0.8) 4 (2.9) 6 (4.0) 11 (1.9)
#62 5 (3.0) 7 (5.6) 14 (10.1) 4 (2.6) 30 (5.2)
#61 1 (0.6) 0 (0) 1 (0.7) 2 (1.3) 4 (0.7)
#75 8 (4.8) 25 (20.0) 53 (38.1) 50 (33.1) 136 (23.4)
#74 8 (4.8) 24 (19.2) 42 (30.2) 42 (27.8) 116 (19.9)
#73 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
#72 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0)
#71 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (0.7) 0 (0) 1 (0.2)
#85 6 (3.6) 22 (17.6) 56 (40.3) 61 (40.4) 145 (24.9)
#84 8 (4.8) 25 (20.0) 38 (27.3) 49 (32.5) 120 (20.6)
#83 0 (0) 1 (0.8) 4 (2.9) 1 (0.7) 6 (1.0)
#82 1 (0.6) 0 (0) 2 (1.4) 0 (0) 3 (0.5)
#81 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (0.7) 0 (0) 1 (0.2)

(%): Rate of dental caries experience.

Caries experience by tooth type (n=582) unit: N (%)

Type Caries experience
Upper central incisors 85 (14.6)
Upper lateral incisors 43 (7.4)
Upper canines 17 (2.9)
Upper 1st molars 109 (18.7)
Upper 2nd molars 120 (20.6)
Lower central incisors 1 (0.2)
Lower lateral incisors 3 (0.5)
Lower canines 6 (1.0)
Lower 1st molars 144 (24.7)
Lower 2nd molars 159 (27.3)

(%): Rate of dental caries experience.

Correlation of DMFT indexes among the quadrant in primary dentition†

Side Upper right Upper left Lower left Lower Left
Upper left 0.774*
Lower left 0.695* 0.698*
Lower right 0.698* 0.688* 0.830*
Upper 0.728*
Right 0.871*

Pearson correlation coefficient, *P<0.01 (two tailed).