J Korean Acad Conserv Dent JKACD Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 1225-0864 2093-8179 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 10.5395/JKACD.2009.34.3.208 Original Article Effects of condensation techniques and canal sizes on the microleakage of orthograde MTA apical plug in simulated canals Nam Deuk-Lim Park Jeong-Kil Hur Bock Kim Hyeon-Cheol Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea. Corresponding Author: Hyeon-Cheol Kim. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, 1-10, Amidong, Seogu, 602-739, Busan, Korea. Tel: 051-240-7454, golddent@pusan.ac.kr 05 2009 31 05 2009 34 3 208 214 05 03 2009 19 03 2009 27 04 2009 Copyright © 2009 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2009

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The purpose of this study was to compare the dye leakage of MTA (mineral trioxide aggregate) apical plug produced by two orthograde placement techniques (hand condensation technique and ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique).

To simulate straight canal, 60 transparent acrylic blocks with straight canal were fabricated. These transparent acrylic blocks were divided into 2 groups (Group C; hand condensation technique (HC) and Group U; ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique (UAHC)) of 30 blocks with each MTA application method. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 15) with different canal size of #70 (subgroup C70 and subgroup U70) and #120 (subgroup C120 and subgroup U120). After apical plug was created, a wet paper point was placed over the MTA plug and specimen was kept in a humid condition at room temperature to allow MTA to set. After 24 hours, remaining canal space was backfilled using Obtura II. All specimens were transferred to floral form socked by 0.2% rhodamine B solution and stored in 100% humidity at room temperature. After 48 hours, resin block specimens were washed and scanned using a scanner. The maximum length of microleakage was measured from the scanned images of four surfaces of each resin block using Photoshop 6.0.

Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test. Group U of UAHC had significantly lower leakage than Group C of HC in #70-size canal (subgroup U70) (p < 0.05).

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Putty mold was made for 1 × 1 × 2 cm block and a straight round stainless steel wire of 1.2 mm was inserted in it.

Preparation of acrylic resin block and design of experimental groups according to the canal size and condensation technique.

Ultrasonically assisted hand condensation technique of the MTA in the acrylic resin block. The stainless steel plugger was activated indirectly by ultrasonic tip.

Example of dye penetration from group C120; Line indicates the maximum length of dye penetration.

Representative samples of scanned resin blocks.

Comparison of microleakage (mm) between two application methods

*Mann-Whitney U test showed significant difference between two subgroups (p < 0.05).