J Korean Acad Conserv Dent JKACD Journal of Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 1225-0864 2093-8179 The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 10.5395/JKACD.2003.28.3.195 Original Article Color changes in composite resins exposed to xenon lamp Cho Young-Gon Seo Jeong-Il Kim Soo-Mee Jeong Jin-Ho Lee Young-Gon Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of dentistry, Chosun University, Korea. Corresponding author (ygcho@mail.chosun.ac.kr) 05 2003 31 05 2003 28 3 195 202 Copyright © 2003 Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2003

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color changes of the composite resin resulting from xenon lamp exposure in different environments. Composite resin (Z 250 ; shade A1, A2, A3, A3.5, and A4) were applied in a cylindrical metal mold. Seventy five specimens according to environments of exposure were made as follows;

Group I: aluminum foiling of the specimens in the air at 37℃ for 1 day and 7 days.

Group II: exposure of xenon lamp to the specimens in the air at 37℃ for 1 day and 7 days.

Group III: exposure of xenon lamp to the specimens in distilled water at 37℃ for 1 day and 7 days.

The color characteristics (L*,a*,b*) of the specimens before and after exposure of xenon lamp were measured by spectrophotometer and the total color differences (ΔE*) were computed.

The results obtained were as follows:

In all groups except A1 shade of group III, the ΔE* values presented below 2.0, and group III showed the highest ΔE* values followed by group II and group I in a decreasing order(p<0.05).

In all shades and groups, the more the exposure time of xenon lamp and the lighter the shade were, the higher the tendency for discoloration (p<0.05).

The composite resins which was exposed to xenon lamp in the distilled water was more discolored than those in the air (p<0.05).

The major changes of composite resins which were exposed to xenon lamp in the air were an increase in yellowness through a positive shift of the b* value, and those in the distilled water were an increase in darkness and yellowness through a negative shift of the L* value and a positive shift of the b* value.

Xenon lamp Color change Composite resin Color characteristics Color difference Spectrophotometer Brauer GM Color changes of composites on exposure to various energy sources Dent Mater 1988 4 55 59 Fruits TJ Duncanson MG Miranda FJ In vitro weathering of selected direct esthetic reto-rative materials Quintessence Int 1997 28 409 414 Luce MS Campbell CE Stain potential of four microfilled composites J Prosthet Dent 1988 60 151 154 Powers JM Fan PL Raptis CN Color stability of new composite restorative materials under accelerated aging J Dent Res 1980 59 2071 2074 Stober T Gilde H Lenz P Color stabiliy of highly filled composite resin materials for facings Dent Mater 2001 17 87 94 Shin HS Hwang HK Cho YG A study on the staining tendency of esthetic restorative materials J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 1995 20 372 383 Chan KC Fuller JL Hormati AA The ability of foods to stain two composite resin J Prosthet Dent 1980 43 542 545 Barkmeier WW Cooley RL Evaluation of surface finish of microfilled resins J Esthet Dent 1989 1 139 143 Burrow MF Makinson OF Color change in light-cured resins exposed to daylight Quintessence Int 1991 22 447 452 Kim MJ Cho YG Color Chances in Composites According to Various Light Curing Sources J Korean Acad Conserv Dent 2002 27 87 94 Ji CK Lighting Theory 2002 Seoul Munundang 80 81 Leibrock A Rosentritt M Lang R Behr M Handel G Colour stability of visible light-curing hybrid composites Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent 1997 5 125 130 Plastics-methods of exposure to laboratory light International Standard ISO 4892 1981 New American dental Association Specification No. 27 for direct filling resins J Am Dent Assoc 1977 94 1191 1194 Noie F Keeefe KL Powers JM Color stability of resin cements after accelerated aging Int J Prosthodont 1995 8 51 55 Swift EJ Jr Hammel SA Lund PS Colorimetric evaluatioin of vita shade resin composites Int J Prosthodont 1994 7 356 361 Asmussen E Factor affecting the color stability of restorative resins Acta Odontol Scand 1983 41 11 18 Ferracane JL Moser JB Greener EH Ultraviolet light-induced yellowing of dental resto-rative resins J Prosthet Dent 1985 54 483 487 Powers JM Dennison JB Koran A Color stability of restorative resins under accelerated aging J Dent Res 1978 57 964 970 Uchida H Vaidyanathan J Viswanadhan T Vaidyanathan TK Color stability of dental composites as a function of shade J Prosthet Dent 1998 79 372 377 Hintze H Klinische und Physikalische Untersuchungen der Farbbestandigkeit von Zahnarztlichen F llungskunststoffen Freie Universität Berlin Inaugural-Dissertation Viohl J Color stability of dental resins Quintessence Int 1980 3 Report 1860 Viohl J Verfarbung von Kunststoffen durch unterschiedliche Lichtquellen Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1976 31 910 914 Choi HK Kang TE Kim JH Park HM Lighting Installation and Design 2000 Seoul Sungandang 82 83 Asmussen E An accelerated test for color stability of restorative resins Acta Odontol Scand 1981 39 329 332 Seghi RR Jonston WM O'Brien WJ Performance assessment of colorimetric devices on dental porcelain J Dent Res 1989 68 1755 1759 Seghi RR Gritz MD Kim J Colorimetric changes in composites resulting fromvisible-light-initiated polymerization Dent Mater 1990 6 133 137 Phillips RW Skinner's science of dental materials 1982 8th ed Philadelphia WB Saunders 232

CIE L*a*b* color space illustrates chromaticity (a*,b*) and lightness (L*) coordinates measured by chromameter.

Color changes (ΔL*,Δa*, and Δb*) of group I after 1 day of xenon lamp exposure.

Color changes (ΔL*,Δa*, and Δb*) of group II after 1 day of xenon lamp exposure.

Color changes (ΔL*,Δa*, and Δb*) of group III after 1 day of xenon lamp exposure.

Color changes (ΔL*,Δa*, and Δb*) of GroupI after 7 days of xenon lamp exposure.

Color changes (ΔL*,Δa*, and Δb*) of group II after 7 days of xenon lamp exposure.

Color changes (ΔL*,Δa*, and Δb*) of group III after 7 days of xenon lamp exposure.

Group classification.

Result of color changes of group I, II and III after exposure of xenon lamp for 1 day.

ΔL*,Δa*,Δb*: color difference, ΔE*: total color difference.

Standard deviations are in parentheses.

Result of color changes of group I, II and III after exposure of xenon lamp for 7 days.

ΔL*,Δa*,Δb*: color difference, ΔE*: total color difference.

Standard deviations are in parentheses.

Statistical analysis of ΔE* of groupI between each shades by Tukey's HSD test (exposure to xenon lamp for 1 day).

*: significant differences (p<0.05)

Statistical analysis of ΔE* of groupI between each shades by Turkey's HSD test (exposure to xenon lamp for 7 days).

*: significant differences (p<0.05)