Korean J Nutr KJN Korean Journal of Nutrition 0367-6463 2005-7121 The Korean Nutrition Society 10.4163/kjn.2012.45.5.420 Research Article Effect of exercise and diet intervention on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rat skeletal muscle and adipose tissue Kim Gi Chool 1 Park Kyung Sil 1 Kim Hyun Kook 2 Kim Ki Hoon 3 Department of Leisure & Sport Studies, College of Physical Education, Kyouggi University, Suwon 443-760, Korea. Department of Physical Education, College of Humanities, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Korea. Department of Leisure Sports, College of Ecology & Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea. To whom correspondence should be addressed. (b612kihoon@hanmail.net) 10 2012 31 10 2012 45 5 420 428 30 06 2012 10 08 2012 22 08 2012 © 2012 The Korean Nutrition Society 2012

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks high fat intake and regular exercise in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress in rats. This experiment involved 32 subjects (sprague-dawley rats) divided into four groups as follows: chow group (Chow, n = 8), chow and exercise group (Chow + EX, n = 8), high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia group (HF, n = 8), and HF and exercise group (HF + EX, n = 8). As a result, there were significant decrease in body weight and abdominal fat, and blood lipid level was significantly improved by exercise for eight weeks (p < .05). There were variables changed about the skeletal muscle and ER stress in GRP78, XBP-1, ATF4, CHOP and JNK mRNA. There increased in mRNA factor by exercise, especially GRP78, and ATF4 mRNA were significantly increased in exercise (p < .05). However, there were increased in adipose tissue by exercise and there were significantly decreased in mRNA factor by high fat diet (p < .05). Consequently, this study suggests that the consistent exercise was more improved of obesity factor, such as dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, as well as body weight or abdominal fat. The response of ER stress in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were more sensitive in exercise than high fat diet feed.

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The change of body weight during 8 weeks. Chow + EX, CON + exercise; HF, hight fat diet; HF + EX, HF + exercise.

ER stress gene expresstion in skeletal muscle. c: p < 0.5, significantly different from HF.

ER stress gene expression in adipose tissue. a: p < 0.5, significantly different from CON, b: p < 0.5, significantly different from CON + EX, c: p < 0.5, significantly different from HF.

The composition of high fat diet

Chow: rat chow from Superfeed Co., Korea

ER stress genotype of primer set lists

GRP78: glucose-regulated proteins 78, ATF4: activating transcription factor 4, XBP1: X-box binding protein-1, CHOP: C/EBP homologus protein, JNK1: cJNN NH-terminal kinase

The change of body weight and fat (%)

Values are Mean ± SD. a: p < 0.5, significantly different from CON, b: p < 0.5, significantly different from CON + EX, c: p < 0.5, significantly different from HF

The change of blood component

Values are Mean ± SD. a: p < 0.5, significantly different from CON, b: p < 0.5, significantly different from CON + EX, c: p < 0.5, significantly different from HF