Korean J Community Nutr KJCN Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 1226-0983 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.1.49 Original Article A Study of Nutrient Intakes, Blood Lipids and Bone Mineral Density according to Obesity Degree by Percentage of Body Fat and Age between Male and Female Teacher in Jeonbuk Province, Korea Chang Hye-Soon Department of Food and Nutrition, Gunsan National University, Gunsan, Korea. Corresponding author: Department of Food & Nutrition, Gunsan National University, San 68 Miryong-dong, Gunsan 573-701, Korea. Tel: (063) 469-4633, Fax: (063) 468-2085, hschang@kunsan.ac.kr 02 2012 29 02 2012 17 1 49 68 22 09 2011 16 01 2012 07 02 2012 Copyright © 2012 The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2012

The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes, blood lipids and bone mineral density of male (n = 59) and female (n = 172) teachers according to the obesity index by percentage of body fat and age. The energy intakes of obesity group were higher than normal group in male (p < 0.05), but were not significant in female. The protein intake ratio among three energy nutrients for male was higher than female (p < 0.001), and lipid intake ratio of obesity group in female was a little higher than male that was not significant. TC, LDL, TC/HDL, risk of coronary heart disease, blood glucose and blood pressure of obesity group were higher than normal group in female (p < 0.01 ~ p < 0.001), but were little significance in male. Risk of coronary heart disease was affected by gender (p < 0.001), obesity degree (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.001), and interaction of gender and age (p < 0.001). Blood glucose was affected by obesity degree (p < 0.05), but was not affected by age. T-scores of forearm for female (= -1.42) were lower than that of male (= -0.95), and T-scores of obesity group in male (= 0.12) were higher than that of normal group (= -0.33) but were not significant in female. The T-scores of forearm for female were affected by age (p < 0.05) and gender (p < 0.01), but calcaneus was not affected by gender. These results suggest lipid intake ratio should be balanced for obesity group in female. Nutritional education for treatment obesity to prevent hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis is necessary for obesity group and older age groups. T-scores of forearm were lower than calcaneus, so arm exercise would be especially required to prevent osteoporosis for older age women groups.

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General characteristics of the subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

1) N (%), 2) ***: p < 0.001 by χ2-test

Comparisons of anthropometric measurements and body composition of the subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

1) Mean ± SD, 2) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) AMC: Arm muscle circumference, 5) Arm cir: Arm circumference, 6) BMR: Basal Metabolic Rate

The daily caloric nutrients and cholesterol intakes, and CPF ratio of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

1) Mean ± SD

2) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

The percentage of nutrients intakes for the dietary reference intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

1) Mean ± SD, 2) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 3) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

The percentage of nutrients intakes for the dietary reference intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) of subjects according to age

1) Mean ± SD, 2) A: effect of gender; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of gender and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

The percentage of nutrients intakes for the dietary reference intakes for Koreans(KDRIs) of female subjects according to age

1) Mean ± SD, 2) A: effect of obese index; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of obese index and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

Comparison of blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressures of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

1) Mean ± SD

2) **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

Comparison of blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressures of subjects according to age

1) Mean ± SD

2) A: effect of gender; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of gender and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

Comparison of blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressures of female subjects according to age

1) Mean ± SD

2) A: effect of obese index; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of obese index and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

4) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by one-way ANOVA

Bone mineral density and T-scores of subjects according to obesity degree by %fat

1) Mean ± SD, 2) *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by t-test or one-way ANOVA

3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05)

Bone mineral density and T-scores of subjects according to age

1) Mean ± SD, 2) A: effect of gender; B: effect of age; A*B: interaction of gender and age; NS: not significantly different; *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, ***: p < 0.001 by two-way ANOVA, 3) Different alphabets at the same row are significantly different by Duncan's multiple test (p < 0.05), 4) *: p < 0.05 by one-way ANOVA

Pearson correlation coefficient in each variable in the study subjects

1) M: Male

2) F: Female

3) *,**,***: Significant at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001 by Pearson's correlation