J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc JKNA Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 1015-4817 2289-0963 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 10.4306/jknpa.2014.53.3.154 Original Article Characteristics Involved in Internet Addiction Tendency of Adult Males with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Noh Dong Hyun MD 1 * Kim Jun Won MD 2 3 * Min Kyung Joon MD PhD 1 Lee Young Sik MD PhD 1 Kim Bung Nyun MD PhD 4 Cheong Jae Hoon PhD 5 Ahn Jee Young MD PhD 6 Han Doug Hyun MD PhD 1 Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Department of Psychiatry, Gongju National Hospital, Gongju, Korea. Graduate School, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea. Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Samyook University, Seoul, Korea. Igonggam Psychiatric Clinic, Busan, Korea. Address for correspondence: Doug Hyun Han, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-755, Korea. Tel +82-2-6299-3132, Fax +82-2-6299-1114, hduk@yahoo.com

*Both authors (Dong Hyun Noh and Jun Won Kim) contributed equally to this work.

 05 2014 29 05 2014 53 3 154 161 24 10 2013 17 01 2014 24 03 2014 Copyright © 2014 Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2014 Objectives

This study was conducted in order to investigate characteristics of temperament, depression, anxiety, attention, and impulsivity in adult males with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and internet addiction tendency.

 Methods

The survey participants were 181 (121 patients and 60 healthy control subjects) adult males older than 19 years of age in Chung-Ang University Hospital and Gongju National Hospital. Subjects were divided according to ADHD with internet addiction tendency (AI), pure adults with ADHD (AD), and healthy control subjects (HC). All groups completed the Adult ADHD Scale (AADHD), Wender-Utah ADHD Rating Scale (WUADHD), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Korean Version of Young Internet Addiction Scale (YIAS-K), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) and Temperament Character Inventory-Revised Short version for identification of relationship between ADHD and internet addiction tendency.

 Results

AI groups were found to have higher AADHD, WUADHD, BDI, YIAS-K, and Novelty Seeking scores, compared to the AD and HC groups. The Cooperativeness score of the AI group was significantly lower than that of the AD group and HC group. The BAI and BIS scores of the AI group and AD group were significantly higher than those of the HC group. The Self-Directedness scores of the AI group and AD group were decreased, compared to the HC group. YIAS-K scores were partially related to BDI scores in the AI group.

 Conclusion

The results of this study indicate an association of higher score of BDI with internet addiction tendency in adult patients with ADHD. Management of temperament characteristics, depression, anxiety, attention, and impulsivity may be important for adults with ADHD and internet addiction tendency.

 Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Internet addiction Depression Impulsivity Temperament Character

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

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The correlation between YIAS-K scores and BDI scores in patients with adult ADHD and internet addiction. Partial correlation, controlling for BAI and AADHD scores. r=0.31, p=0.03. YIAS-K : The Korean Version of Young Internet Addiction Scale, BDI : Beck Depression Inventory, BAI : Beck Anxiety Inventory, AADHD : Adult ADHD Scale, ADHD : Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Demographic characteristics & comparison of AADHD, WUADHD, BDI, BAI, YIAS-K, and BIS

Analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc test, chi-square test. *: Statistically significant. AADHD : Adult ADHD Scale, WUADHD : Wender-Utah ADHD Rating Scale, BDI : Beck Depression Inventory, YIAS-K : The Korean Version of Young Internet Addiction Scale, BAI : Beck Anxiety Inventory, BIS : Barratt Impulsivity Scale, ADHD : Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, IA : Internet addiction

Comparison of temperament and characteristics inventory

Analysis of variance, Bonferroni post hoc test. *: Statistically significant. NS1 : Exploratory Excitability, NS2 : Impulsiveness, NS3 : Extravagance, NS4 : Disorderliness, HA1 : Anticipatory Worry, HA2 : Fear of Uncertainty, HA3 : Shyness, HA4 : Fatigability and Asthenia, RD1 : Sentimentality, RD2 : Openness, RD3 : Attachment, RD4 : Dependence, P1 : Eagerness, P2 : Work Hardened, P3 : Ambitious, P4 : Perfectionist, SD1 : Responsibility, SD2 : Purposefulness, SD3 : Resourcefulness, SD4 : Self-acceptance, C1 : Social Acceptance, C2 : Empathy, C3 : Helpfulness, C4 : Compassion, C5 : Pure Hearted Principles, ST1 : Self-forgetful, ST2 : Transpersonal Identification, ST3 : Spiritual Acceptance, ADHD : Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, IA : Internet addiction