JKOS Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 0378-6471 2092-9374 Korean Ophthalmological Society 10.3341/jkos.2017.58.1.113 jkos-58-113 Original Article Retinal Hemorrhage Incidence of Newborn with Intra-uterine Growth Retardation in Korea Jin-HoJoo M.D Young-GyoonKim MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Address reprint requests to Young-Gyoon Kim, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, #892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul 05278, Korea Tel: 82-2-440-7751, Fax: 82-2-440-7756 E-mail: eyedockim@naver.com 08 2015 30 8 2015 58 1 113 116 30 6 2016 7 10 2016 15 12 2016 Copyright © 2015 Korean Ophthalmological Society 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Purpose

We report 3 cases of patients with retinal hemorrhage among 27 newborns with intrauterine growth retardation.

 Case summary

Twenty-seven newborns with intrauterine growth retardation were examined using the indirect ophthalmoscope for confirming retinal hemorrhage which was observed in 3 patients. The mean gestational age and birth weight (g) of the 3 pa-tients were 37+6 weeks and 2,086.7 g, respectively. Among the 3 newborns, 1 patient’s mother had oligohydramnios. Two pa-tients were delivered vaginally and 1 by cesarean section. All 3 patients had no birth trauma and the retinal hemorrhage was re-solved within 2 weeks after the first eye examination.

 Conclusions

We observed 3 cases with retinal hemorrhage in neonates with intrauterine growth retardation which improved within 2 weeks.

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The results of eye examinations and demographics in 27 newborns with IUGR

No. GA BW (g) Maternal factor Obstetric factor Neonatal factor RH Complete resolved period
1 37 1,920 - C-sec - -
2 34+6 1,540 PIH VD Discordant twin -
3 39+1 2,075 Oligohydramnios C-sec Hyperbilirubin, TTN -
4 35 1,720 PIH VD - -
5 40+3 2,040 - VD Hyperbilirubin -
6 35+2 1,990 PIH C-sec - -
7 37+2 2,290 Oligohydramnios VD Jaundice OU 2 weeks
8 33+4 1,200 - C-sec Hyperbilirubin -
9 36 1,600 - VD Hyperbilirubin, anemia -
10 38+2 1,640 - C-sec - -
11 41 2,040 - VD Hyperbilirubin, Cephalhematoma OU 2 weeks
12 36+3 1,930 - C-sec Twin -
13 38+1 1,940 Oligohydramnios C-sec Hyperbilirubin, Anemia, Down syndrome -
14 27+5 720 PIH C-sec Anemia -
15 35+0 1,670 - C-sec - -
16 38+4 2,140 - C-sec - -
17 39+5 2,480 Oligohydramnios C-sec Anemia -
18 35 1,700 - C-sec - -
19 36+6 1,420 - VD Hyperbilirubin -
20 37+1 2,420 - C-sec - -
21 35+1 1,930 - C-sec - OU 2 weeks
22 39+3 2,420 - C-sec TTN, Hyperbilirubin -
23 36+5 1,690 Oligohydramnios C-sec TTN, Hyperbilirubin -
24 38+2 2,060 Oligohydramnios C-sec - -
25 39+3 2,260 - C-sec - -
26 36+1 1,720 Oligohydramnios C-sec - -
27 37+6 2,490 PIH C-sec - -

IUGR = intra-uterine growth retardation; GA = gestational age; BW = birth weight; RH = retinal hemorrhage; PIH = pregnancy-induced hypertension; VD = virginal delivery; C-sec = caesarean section; TTN = transient tachypnea of the newborn; OU = oculus uterque.

Retinal hemorrhage found on a case 1 (#7) eye examination. Multiple retinal hemorrhage around the optic disc in both eyes (posterior and midperiphery). OD = oculus dexter; OS = oculus sinister.

Fundus findings in 3 cases of retinal hemorrhage

Case 1 (#7) OD 4 quadrant posterior pole & midperiphery OS 4 quadrant posterior pole & midperipheral
Case 2 (#11) Superior & inferior to optic disc, inferior midperiphery Parafoveal, temporal midperiphery
Case 3 (#21) 4 quadrant posterior pole & midperiphery 4 quadrant posterior pole & midperiphery

Comparison of underlying demographic factors for newborn’s retinal hemorrhages in intra-uterine growth retardation in fants

Retinal hemorrhage group (n = 3) No retinal hemorrhage group (n = 24)
Avg. gestational age 37+6 weeks 36+5 weeks
Avg. birth weight 2,086.7 g ± 184.5 1,866.0 g ± 420.8
VD: C-Sec 2:1 5:19

Values are presented as mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.

Avg. = average; VD = virginal delivery; C-Sec = caesarean section.