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<article article-type="Original Article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="ko" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JKOS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title>J Korean Ophthalmol Soc</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0378-6471</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2092-9374</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>The Korean Society for Quality Management</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3341/jkos.2015.56.7.1038</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jkos-56-1038</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group>
<subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Myopic Shift and Cataract Change after Lens Sparing Vitrectomy in Patients with Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane in Their 5th and 6th Decade</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Jae Jung</given-names></name>
<degrees>M.D</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-jkos-56-1038"><sup>1</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim</surname><given-names>Kyung Ho</given-names></name>
<degrees>M.D</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2-jkos-56-1038"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4-jkos-56-1038"><sup>4</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shin</surname><given-names>Min Kyu</given-names></name>
<degrees>M.D</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-jkos-56-1038"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3-jkos-56-1038"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Sung Who</given-names></name>
<degrees>M.D</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-jkos-56-1038"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3-jkos-56-1038"><sup>3</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-jkos-56-1038"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byon</surname><given-names>Ik Soo</given-names></name>
<degrees>M.D</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2-jkos-56-1038"><sup>2</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4-jkos-56-1038"><sup>4</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lee</surname><given-names>Ji Eun</given-names></name>
<degrees>M.D, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1-jkos-56-1038"><sup>1</sup></xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3-jkos-56-1038"><sup>3</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Oum</surname><given-names>Boo Sup</given-names></name>
<degrees>M.D, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5-jkos-56-1038"><sup>5</sup></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1-jkos-56-1038" xml:lang="en">Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine<label><sup>1</sup></label>, Busan, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff id="aff2-jkos-56-1038" xml:lang="en">Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff id="aff3-jkos-56-1038" xml:lang="en">Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff id="aff4-jkos-56-1038" xml:lang="en">Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, <country>Korea</country></aff>
<aff id="aff5-jkos-56-1038" xml:lang="en">Jung Geun Eye Hospital, Busan, <country>Korea</country></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="c1-jkos-56-1038">Address reprint requests to <bold>Sung Who Park, MD</bold> Department of Ophthalmology, Pusan National University Hospital, #179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Korea Tel: 82-51-240-7320, Fax: 82-51-242-7341 E-mail: <email>oph97@naver.com</email></corresp>
<fn><p>&#x2217; This work was supported by clinical research grant from Pusan National University Hospital 2015.</p></fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>08</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>27</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>56</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<fpage>1038</fpage>
<lpage>1043</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>05</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2014</year></date>
<date date-type="revised">
<day>08</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2015</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>04</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright &#x00A9; 2015 Korean Ophthalmological Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license>
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license>
</permissions>
<abstract xml:lang="en">
<title>Abstract</title>
<sec>
<title>Purpose:</title>
<p>To determine the myopic shift and cataract change after lens sparing vitrectomy (LSV) in patients with idiopathic epi-retinal membrane (ERM) in their 5th and 6th decade of life.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods:</title>
<p>The medical records of patients undergoing LSV for idiopathic ERM from 2008 to 2012 were reviewed. Patients with previous intraocular surgery, preoperative significant cataract, under 40 or over 60 years of age and a follow-up period of less than 6 months were excluded. The change in refractive errors, visual acuity, and cataract grade were evaluated for 6 months af-ter LSV as well as the correlation between myopic shift and cataract change at 6 months after LSV.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results:</title>
<p>Twenty-eight eyes were included in this study. The cataract status worsened by 1.07 levels, myopia progressed by 3.13 diopters ( <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and uncorrected visual acuity (log MAR) decreased from 0.73 to 0.98 ( <italic>p</italic> = 0.022) at 6 months after LSV. Additional cataract surgery was performed in 22 eyes (78.6%) at 13.6 months on average during the follow-up period (average 16.9 months). In 6 eyes (21.4%) having myopic change below 1.0 diopters, crystalline lens was preserved for 36 months after vitrectomy. Conversely, 22 eyes (78.6%) with myopic change over 1.5 diopters required cataract surgery. Therefore, myopic change over 1.5 diopters could be a major postoperative change predicting the necessity for cataract surgery ( <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>LSV for ERM caused a significant myopic shift and cataract changes in patients in their 5th and 6th decade of life and additional cataract surgery was required in 78.6% of patients within 3 years after vitrectomy. The myopic shift over 1.5 diop-ters at 6 months after vitrectomy could be a major postoperative change predicting the necessity for cataract surgery.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en">
<kwd>Cataract</kwd>
<kwd>Epiretinal membrane</kwd>
<kwd>Lens sparing vitrectomy</kwd>
<kwd>Myopia</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<ref id="b29-jkos-56-1038"><label>29</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sawa</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Saito</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Hayashi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal/></person-group><article-title>Assessment of nuclear sclerosis after nonvitrectomizing vitreous surgery</article-title><source>Am J Ophthalmol</source><year>2001</year><volume>132</volume><fpage>356</fpage><lpage>62</lpage></element-citation></ref>
</ref-list>
<sec sec-type="display-objects">
<title>Figures and Tables</title>
<fig id="f1-jkos-56-1038" position="float">
<label>Figure 1.</label>
<caption xml:lang="en"><p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve of crystal lens after lens sparing vitrectomy. 78.6% of patients needed additional cataract surgery during 3 years after vitrectomy.</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jkos-56-1038f1.tif"/>
</fig>
<fig id="f2-jkos-56-1038" position="float">
<label>Figure 2.</label>
<caption xml:lang="en"><p>Kaplan-Meier survival curve of crystal lens accord-ing to age (5th and 6th decade) after lens sparing vitrectomy. There was no significant difference of survival rate between two age groups in 3 years after vitrectomy ( <italic>p</italic> = 0.288 by Fisher exact test).</p></caption>
<graphic xlink:href="jkos-56-1038f2.tif"/>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="t1-jkos-56-1038" position="float">
<label>Table 1.</label>
<caption xml:lang="en"><p>Comparisons of data between baseline and 6 months after vitrectomy</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="all">
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="middle" align="center"></th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">Preoperative value</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">Postoperative 6-months</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center"><italic>p</italic>-value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">LOCS III grading of nucleus</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.9 &#x00B1; 0.9</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">1.9 &#x00B1; 1.2</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001<sup>*</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Corrected V.A. (log MAR)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.51 &#x00B1; 0.30</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.52 &#x00B1; 0.35</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.471</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Uncorrected V.A. (log MAR)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.73 &#x00B1; 0.42</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.98 &#x00B1; 0.50</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.022<sup>*</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Spherical equivalent (D)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">-0.89 &#x00B1; 2.76</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">-4.02 &#x00B1; 3.47</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001<sup>*</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">CSMT (um)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">499.0 &#x00B1; 99.6</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">360.6 &#x00B1; 41.7</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="table-fn1-jkos-56-1038">&#x2217;</xref></sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Values are presented as mean &#x00B1; SD. LOCS III = Lens Opacities Classification System III; V.A. = visual acuity; D = diopters; CSMT = central subfield macular thickness.</p></fn>
<fn id="table-fn1-jkos-56-1038"><label>&#x2217;</label><p><italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05 by Wilcoxon signed rank test.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t2-jkos-56-1038" position="float">
<label>Table 2.</label>
<caption xml:lang="en"><p>Differences according to myopic shift at 6 months after vitrectomy</p></caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="all">
<thead>
<tr>
<th valign="middle" align="center"></th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">Myopic shift less than -1.0 Diopters</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">Myopic shift more than -1.5 Diop</th>
<th valign="middle" align="center">ters <italic>p</italic>-value</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
 <tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Number of patients</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">6 (21.4)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">22 (78.6)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Age (years)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">53.0 &#x00B1; 4.4</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">52.0 &#x00B1; 2.0</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.259</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Corrected V.A. (log MAR)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.28 &#x00B1; 0.16</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.5 &#x00B1; 0.37</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.065</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Uncorrected V.A. (log MAR)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.52 &#x00B1; 0.32</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.95 &#x00B1; 0.46</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.007<sup>*</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Spherical equivalent (Diopter)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">-0.74 &#x00B1; 1.12</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">-3.69 &#x00B1; 3.35</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001<sup>*</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">CSMT (um)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">372.5 &#x00B1; 39.1</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">351.7 &#x00B1; 42.6</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.309</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Worsened cataract grade</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">2 (33.3)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">20 (90.9)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0.010<sup>*</sup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="middle" align="left">Cataract operation during 3 years</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">0 (0)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">22 (100)</td>
<td valign="middle" align="center">&lt;0.001<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="table-fn2-jkos-56-1038">&#x2217;</xref></sup></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot>
<fn><p>Values are presented as mean &#x00B1; SD or n (%).</p>
<p>V.A. = visual acuity; CSMT = central subfield macular thickness.</p></fn>
<fn id="table-fn2-jkos-56-1038"><label>&#x2217;</label><p><italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05 by Mann-Whitney <italic>U</italic>-test or Fisher exact test.</p></fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</sec>
</back>
</article>