This study was a correlational research to examine the relationship between career plateau, career planning, social support and turnover intention experienced by nurses in the clinical nursing field.
Participants were 237 nurses working in general hospitals with 100~300 beds located in G Metropolitan City. Data were collected from September 26 to October 6, 2016, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, univariate ANOVA, Scheffé test, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted.
Participants' turnover intention was positively correlated with career plateau (r=.38,
Results suggest that structural career plateau, content career plateau, and supervisor support are related to nurses' turnover intention. To lower nurses' turnover intention, alternative ways must be developed to improve the structure of nursing organizations to address career plateau and establish an organizational culture that can be supported by supervisors.
General Characteristics (
Characteristics | Categories | n (%) or M±SD |
---|---|---|
Age (year) | 30.81±5.93 | |
<30 | 121 (51.1) | |
30~39 | 102 (43.0) | |
≥40 | 14 (5.9) | |
Marital status | Unmarried | 145 (61.2) |
Married | 92 (38.8) | |
Educational background | 3 year college | 135 (57.0) |
University | 102 (43.0) | |
Nursing experience (year) | 7.44±5.47 | |
<3 | 51 (21.5) | |
3~7 | 82 (34.6) | |
8~12 | 59 (24.9) | |
≥13 | 45 (19.0) | |
Present clinical career (year) | 4.29±3.47 | |
<3 | 94 (39.7) | |
3~7 | 106 (44.7) | |
8~12 | 28 (11.8) | |
≥13 | 9 (3.8) | |
Position | Staff nurse | 182 (76.8) |
≥Charge nurse | 55 (23.2) | |
Work unit | OPD | 19 (8.0) |
Ward | 151 (63.7) | |
Special part* | 67 (28.3) | |
Experience of turnover | No | 115 (48.5) |
Yes | 122 (51.5) |
Intensive care unit, emergency room, operation room, artificial kidney room; OPD=Out patient department.
Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support and Turnover Intention of Participants (
Variables | Categories | Min | Max | M±SD |
---|---|---|---|---|
Career plateau | 1.50 | 4.17 | 2.76±0.48 | |
Structural plateau | 1.67 | 4.50 | 2.81±0.57 | |
Content plateau | 1.00 | 4.00 | 2.64±0.56 | |
Career planning | 1.50 | 5.00 | 3.06±0.63 | |
Social support | 1.60 | 5.00 | 3.52±0.47 | |
Supervisor support | 1.56 | 5.00 | 3.47±0.54 | |
Peer support | 1.88 | 5.00 | 3.58±0.50 | |
Turnover intention | 1.20 | 5.00 | 3.15±0.64 |
Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support, and Turnover Intention according to General Characteristics (
Characteristics | Categories | Career plateau | Career planning | Social support | Turnover intention | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Structural plateau | Content plateau | Total | Supervisor support | Peer support | ||||||||||||
M±SD | t or F ( |
M±SD | t or F ( |
M±SD | t or F ( |
M±SD | t or F ( |
M±SD | t or F ( |
M±SD | t or F ( |
M±SD | t or F ( |
M±SD | t or F ( | ||
Age (year) | <30a | 2.59±0.47 | 13.15 | 2.62±0.51 | 24.21 | 2.56±0.54 | 2.64 | 3.10±0.62 | 1.59 | 3.61±0.47 | 4.58 | 3.57±0.52 | 3.74 | 3.66±0.49 | 3.80 | 3.07±0.59 | 1.70 |
30~39b | 2.83±0.47 | (<.001) | 2.94±0.53 | (<.001) | 2.72±0.57 | (.073) | 2.99±0.64 | (.205) | 3.42±0.48 | (.051) | 3.37±0.56 | (.025) | 3.47±0.51 | (.024) | 3.21±0.68 | (.184) | |
≥40c | 3.13±0.33 | a, b<c | 3.52±0.58 | a<b<c | 2.74±0.48 | 3.25±0.68 | 3.50±0.39 | 3.45±0.42 | a>b | 3.55±0.41 | a>b | 3.30±0.80 | |||||
Marital status | Unmarried | 2.82±0.47 | 2.45 | 2.97±0.61 | 3.44 | 2.68±0.56 | 0.77 | 3.05±0.69 | -0.24 | 3.50±0.49 | 0.49 | 3.47±0.55 | -0.19 | 3.55±0.52 | -0.73 | 3.15±0.71 | -0.02 |
Married | 2.66±0.48 | (.015) | 2.71±0.52 | (<.001) | 2.62±0.56 | (.441) | 3.07±0.59 | (.815) | 3.57±0.47 | (.625) | 3.48±0.54 | (.854) | 3.60±0.49 | (.467) | 3.15±0.60 | (.984) | |
Educational | 3 year college | 2.75±0.48 | 0.84 | 2.83±0.56 | 0.68 | 2.66±0.57 | 0.67 | 3.01±0.60 | -1.30 | 3.55±0.49 | 0.93 | 3.51±0.56 | 1.22 | 3.59±0.51 | 0.45 | 3.11±0.68 | -1.10 |
background | University | 2.69±0.49 | (.052) | 2.78±0.58 | (.498) | 2.61±0.54 | (.430) | 3.13±0.67 | (.193) | 3.49±0.45 | (.352) | 3.59±0.52 | (.225) | 3.59±0.49 | (.651) | 3.20±0.59 | (.274) |
Nursing experience (year) | <3a | 2.55±0.49 | 7.45 | 2.60±0.56 | 11.25 | 2.50±0.53 | 2.25 | 3.19±0.68 | 1.65 | 3.58±0.44 | 1.56 | 3.53±0.52 | 2.00 | 3.63±0.47 | 0.75 | 2.92±0.55 | 3.12 |
3~7b | 2.65±0.43 | (<.001) | 2.70±0.49 | (<.001) | 2.60±0.50 | (.083) | 3.08±0.58 | (.178) | 3.58±0.48 | (.199) | 3.56±0.51 | (.114) | 3.60±0.52 | (.525) | 3.23±0.57 | (.027) | |
8~12c | 2.79±0.46 | a, b<d | 2.86±0.48 a | a, b, c<d | 2.73±0.57 | 2.93±0.61 | 3.44±0.48 | 3.37±0.58 | 3.52±0.49 | 3.16±0.68 | a<d | ||||||
≥13d | 2.96±0.49 | 3.19±0.64 | 2.74±0.63 | 3.05±0.67 | 3.45±0.47 | 3.39±0.55 | 3.52±0.51 | 3.26±0.76 | |||||||||
Present clinical career (year) | <3a | 2.63±0.49 | 2.72 | 2.66±0.55 | 4.44 | 2.60±0.59 | 0.76 | 3.12±0.64 | 0.70 | 3.54±0.41 | 0.36 | 3.50±0.48 | 0.82 | 3.58±0.47 | 0.20 | 3.03±0.60 | 3.18 |
3~7b | 2.75±0.45 | (.055) | 2.88±0.53 | (.005) | 2.63±0.54 | (.520) | 3.05±0.63 | (.550) | 3.53±0.50 | (.778) | 3.49±0.56 | (.485) | 3.58±0.57 | (.897) | 3.27±0.62 | (.080) | |
8~12c | 2.90±0.43 | 3.05±0.68 | a<c | 2.76±0.59 | 2.92±0.62 | 3.45±0.52 | 3.33±0.68 | 3.58±0.48 | 3.21±0.80 | ||||||||
≥13d | 2.78±0.43 | 2.81±0.49 | 2.76±0.66 | 3.11±0.66 | 3.44±0.55 | 3.44±0.53 | 3.45±0.60 | 2.82±0.66 | |||||||||
Position | Staff nurse | 2.74±0.48 | 0.84 | 2.76±0.58 | -2.23 | 2.63±0.57 | -0.73 | 3.06±0.63 | -0.25 | 3.54±0.49 | 0.93 | 3.53±0.53 | 2.96 | 3.60±0.50 | 1.79 | 3.13±0.63 | -1.07 |
≥Charge nurse | 2.69±0.48 | (.402) | 2.97±0.50 | (.029) | 2.69±0.56 | (.467) | 3.08±0.64 | (.806) | 3.49±0.44 | (.352) | 3.29±0.55 | (.003) | 3.47±0.50 | (.075) | 3.23±0.70 | (.285) | |
Work unit | OPD | 2.80±0.54 | 0.94 | 2.81±0.57 | 0.38 | 2.68±0.59 | 1.54 | 2.83±0.75 | 1.83 | 3.44±0.43 | .73 | 3.45±0.57 | 2.18 | 3.57±0.53 | 0.01 | 3.06±0.59 | 0.60 |
Ward | 2.74±0.50 | (.386) | 2.91±0.68 | (.686) | 2.70±0.63 | (.217) | 3.06±0.59 | (.162) | 3.51±0.53 | (.482) | 3.30±0.54 | (.115) | 3.28±0.44 | (.989) | 3.13±0.67 | (.552) | |
Special part* | 2.66±0.41 | 2.78±0.54 | 2.54±0.45 | 3.14±0.68 | 3.58±0.42 | 3.57±0.46 | 3.58±0.45 | 3.22±0.59 | |||||||||
Experience of turnover | No | 2.65±0.45 | -2.36 | 2.69±0.50 | -3.35 | 2.61±0.53 | -0.72 | 3.12±0.56 | 1.28 | 3.58±0.48 | 1.72 | 3.53±0.54 | 1.66 | 3.62±0.50 | 1.47 | 3.11±0.63 | -0.88 |
Yes | 2.80±0.53 | (.019) | 2.93±0.60 | (<.001) | 2.67±0.58 | (.471) | 3.01±0.69 | (.201) | 3.47±0.47 | (.086) | 3.41±0.54 | (.098) | 3.52±0.50 | (.144) | 3.19±0.66 | (.380) |
Intensive care unit, emergency room, operation room, artificial kidney room; OPD=Out patient department.
Correlations between Career Plateau, Career Planning, Social Support and Turnover Intention (
Variables | Career plateau | Structural plateau | Content plateau | Career planning | Social support | Supervisor support | Peer support |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
r ( |
r ( |
r ( |
r ( |
r ( |
r ( |
r ( | |
Structural plateau | .87 | - | |||||
(<.001) | |||||||
Content plateau | .86 | .49 | - | ||||
(<.001) | (<.001) | ||||||
Career planning | -.41 | -.24 | -.47 | - | |||
(<.001) | (<.001) | (<.001) | |||||
Social support | -.44 | -.29 | -.47 | .14 | - | ||
(<.001) | (<.001) | (<.001) | (.029) | ||||
Supervisor support | -.38 | -.25 | -.41 | .12 | .92 | - | |
(<.001) | (<.001) | (<.001) | (.059) | (<.001) | |||
Peer support | -.41 | -.27 | -.44 | .14 | .90 | .66 | - |
(<.001) | (<.001) | (<.001) | (.036) | (<.001) | (<.001) | ||
Turnover intention | .38 | .31 | .35 | -.15 | -.38 | -.36 | -.32 |
(<.001) | (<.001) | (<.001) | (.043) | (<.001) | (<.001) | (<.001) |
Factors Influencing Turnover Intention (
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
β | β | |||
Age (year) | -.05 | .670 | -.17 | .110 |
Nursing experience (year) | .15 | .191 | .13 | .207 |
Structural plateau | .19 | .012 | ||
Content plateau | .14 | .047 | ||
Supervisor support | -.22 | .006 | ||
Peer support | -.07 | .378 | ||
Career planning | .00 | .966 | ||
F ( |
1.48 (.229) .01 | 10.18 (<.001) .31 (.298) | ||
ΔF ( |
8.7 (<.001) |