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Kim, Sin, Koo, and Kim: Prevalence, Characteristics of Ear Deformity and Treatment Tendency for Auricular Hematoma in Elite Wrestlers
Original Article

Korean J Sports Med 2015;33(1):13-18.

Published online: 19 January 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5763/kjsm.2015.33.1.13

Prevalence, Characteristics of Ear Deformity and Treatment Tendency for Auricular Hematoma in Elite Wrestlers

Jin-Su Kim1, Yong-Up Sin2, Yong-Pan Koo2, Sang-Hoon Kim3,

1Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

2Departments of Martial Art, Yong-In University, Yongin, 3Sports Medicine and Science Team, Korea Paralympic Committee, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence: Sang-Hoon Kim Sports Medicine and Science Team, Korea Paralympic Committee, 167 Seokdong-ro, Sindun-myeon, Icheon 467-842, Korea Tel: +82-31-526-9451, Fax: +82-31-631-8327 E-mail: sportler@hanmail.net

Received 4 August 2014       Revised 17 May 2014       Accepted 26 May 2015

Copyright © 2015 The Korean Society of Sports Medicine

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Wrestlers has frequently injured on his ear by friction or hitting. If the ear injury like hematoma did not treat appropriately, it should be deform to disfigured outer shape. We analyzed the incidence and characteristics of ear deformity with elite wrestlers. We took the photo with elite 58 male wrestlers’ ears. We surveyed the carrier of elite player, duration of training time, ear injury history, treatment history and satisfactory scale of his ear shape. The characteristics of ear shape were classified by Yotuyanagi classification. 44 wrestlers has deformity of his ear in elite wrestlers (76%, 44/58). Right side ear deformity is 50 cases, bilaterally involvement is one case. Microtia was 11 (24%), ear protrusion was 15 (33%) cases. Yotuyanagi type IB was 13 (29%) cases that deformity extending from helix to antihelix. Type IIA was 12 (27%) cases that deformity with a substantial change with good structural integrity in outline of the ear. Acute ear injury was treated with simple icing (33 cases, 56%), aspiration and compression (6 cases, 10%). 34 wrestlers (77%) dissatisfied his own ear shape. 10% of acute ear injuries treat appropriately in domestic elite male wrestlers. 76% of the wrestlers has an ear deformity and dissatisfaction.

Keywords: Acquired ear deformity, Hematoma, Wresting, Acute injury

REFERENCES

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Fig. 1.
(A) Microtia is morphologically smaller than normal sized ear. (B) Prominent ear has protruded soft tissue or mass like bump.
kjsm-33-13f1.tif
Fig. 2.
Yotsuyanagi classification has shown by the picture.
kjsm-33-13f2.tif
Fig. 3.
Frequent involved zone of cauliflower ear.
kjsm-33-13f3.tif
Table 1.
Relationship between normal ear wrestlers and deformed ear wrestlers
Characteristic No. Mean Standard deviation p-value
Age (y)       0.388
Deformed 43 20.8 5.8  
Normal 16 19.6 4.5  
Weight (kg)       0.141
Deformed 43 72.4 12.8  
Normal 16 81.7 22.7  
Height (cm)       0.94
Deformed 43 171.4 6.1  
Normal 16 176.3 10.3  
Period (mo)       0.331
Deformed 43 78.5 61.3  
Normal 16 64.4 43.5  
Train hour (per wk)       0.552
Deformed 43 27.9 5.7  
Normal 16 26.7 7.3
Table 2.
Relationship between Yotuyanagi classification with age, height, weight, exercise carrier, and duration of training per week
Yostuyangi classification B β t p-value VIF
Constant 12.798        
Age 0.029 –0.243 -0.071 0.336 3.544
Height –0.063 0.080 0.250 0.803 5.768
Weight 0.001 0.039 0.039 0.969 3.632
Period 0.001 0.107 0.107 0.915 5.583
Train hour –0.010 –0.204 –0.204 0.839 1.200

VIF: variance inflation factor.

Table 3.
Frequently involved zone of cauliflower ear
Zone Involved number (total 45 ears)
Helix 20 (44.4)
Antihelix 39 (86.6)
Scaphoid fossa 29 (64.4)
Triangular fossa 16 (35.5)
Choncha 11 (24.4)
Tragus 1 (2.2)
Antitragus 19 (42.2)
Lobule 5 (11.1)
Posterior 2 (4.4)
Microtia 11 (24.4)
Prominent ear 15 (33.3)

Values are presented as number (%).

Table 4.
Characteristic of cauliflower ear deformity in Korean elite wrestlers
Yotsuyanagi classification Zone and degree of deformity Number (%)
IA Restricted concha 3 (5)
IB Extended from antihelix to helix 13 (22)
IC Extended to throughout ear 8 (15)
ID Accompanied by skin defect 3 (5)
IIA Substantial change of ear 12 (20)
  Good structural integrity  
IIB Poor structural integrity 3 (5)
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