Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the eye movement depending on putting distance and accuracy in golf putting. The subjects were semi-professional 5 golfers. Golfers had performed golf putting on 2 m and 15 m distances. Visual search had used in order to examine the eye movement in success and failure of putting by eye tracker (Dikablis 2.0). During golf putting, eye movement analysis had analyzed on the ball and the hole of putting distance and accuracy. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance for repeated measures using SPSS ver. 15.0 program. Visual search to distance and accuracy on ball were as followed. Duration was significant differences in putting distance. Number of glances was significant differences in accuracy. Percentaged glance proportion was significant differences in putting distance. Glance frequency was significant differences in putting distance. Visual search to distance and accuracy on hole were followed. Total glance time and number of glances were significant differences in putting distance. Mean glance duration was significant differences in putting distance, accuracy, and between interaction. Percentaged glance proportion was significant differences in putting distance and between interaction. Maximal glance duration was significant differences in putting distance, accuracy, and between interaction. Minimal glance duration was significant differences in accuracy, and between interaction. Glance frequency was significant differences in between interaction. This study will be expected to be utilized for putting performance improvement as a basis for developing an exercise program.
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Table 1.
Subjects | Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | Career (y) | Handicap |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 186 | 95 | 15 | 0 |
B | 175 | 72 | 15 | 0 |
C | 170 | 67 | 6 | 0 |
D | 176 | 87 | 7 | 3 |
E | 175 | 67 | 15 | 3 |
Table 2.
Variable | Distance | Success | Fail | Effects | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration (s) | 2 m | 2.77±0.22 | 2.93±0.64 | Distance | 65.230*** |
15 m | 6.96±1.87 | 6.77±1.74 | Accuracy | 0.002 | |
Distance×accuracy | 0.123 | ||||
Total glance time (s) | 2 m | 0.84±0.42 | 1.02±0.34 | Distance | 0.933 |
15 m | 0.99±0.47 | 1.17±0.46 | Accuracy | 1.290 | |
Distance×accuracy | 0.000 | ||||
No. of glances (repetition) | 2 m | 1.00±0.00 | 1.25±0.50 | Distance | 0.215 |
15 m | 1.00±0.00 | 1.16±0.38 | Accuracy | 5.385* | |
Distance×accuracy | 0.215 | ||||
Mean glance duration (s) | 2 m | 0.82±0.48 | 0.67±0.55 | Distance | 0.587 |
15 m | 0.60±0.43 | 0.65±0.36 | Accuracy | 0.108 | |
Distance×accuracy | 0.435 | ||||
Percentaged glance proportion (%) | 2 m | 28.60±17.78 | 37.07±15.65 | Distance | 13.070*** |
15 m | 16.28±10.07 | 17.36±4.60 | Accuracy | 1.163 | |
Distance×accuracy | 0.696 | ||||
Maximal glance duration (s) | 2 m | 0.82±0.48 | 0.73±0.49 | Distance | 0.108 |
15 m | 0.67±0.38 | 0.79±0.29 | Accuracy | 0.008 | |
Distance×accuracy | 0.554 | ||||
Minimal glance duration (s) | 2 m | 0.82±0.48 | 0.61±0.61 | Distance | 1.176 |
15 m | 0.53±0.49 | 0.51±0.47 | Accuracy | 0.445 | |
Distance×accuracy | 0.306 | ||||
Glance frequency (1/s) | 2 m | 0.39±0.11 | 0.50±0.13 | Distance | 20.604*** |
15 m | 0.24±0.13 | 0.26±0.10 | Accuracy | 2.420 | |
Distance×accuracy | 1.255 |
Table 3.
Variable | Distance | Success | Fail | Effects | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total glance time (s) | 2 m | 0.58±0.19 | 0.44±0.21 | Distance | 43.028*** |
15 m | 2.37±1.15 | 3.11±1.33 | Accuracy | 0.741 | |
Distance×accuracy | 1.689 | ||||
No. of glances (repetition) | 2 m | 1.00±0.00 | 1.00±0.00 | Distance | 13.993*** |
15 m | 2.58±1.37 | 1.75±0.86 | Accuracy | 1.785 | |
Distance×accuracy | 1.785 | ||||
Mean glance duration (s) | 2 m | 0.39±0.26 | 0.38±0.16 | Distance | 15.799*** |
15 m | 0.57±0.34 | 2.00±1.09 | Accuracy | 9.670*** | |
Distance×accuracy | 10.182*** | ||||
Percentaged glance proportion (%) | 2 m | 21.36±7.16 | 14.78±6.73 | Distance | 29.414*** |
15 m | 32.85±13.02 | 44.40±12.38 | Accuracy | 0.430 | |
Distance×accuracy | 5.722* | ||||
Maximal glance duration (s) | 2 m | 0.42±0.26 | 0.38±0.16 | Distance | 31.331*** |
15 m | 1.27±0.69 | 2.62±1.22 | Accuracy | 5.569* | |
Distance×accuracy | 6.415* | ||||
Minimal glance duration (s) | 2 m | 0.36±0.28 | 0.38±0.16 | Distance | 2.755 |
15 m | 0.08±0.06 | 1.53±1.32 | Accuracy | 7.885** | |
Distance×accuracy | 7.656*** | ||||
Glance frequency (1/s) | 2 m | 0.44±0.14 | 0.35±0.08 | Distance | 0.105 |
15 m | 0.50±0.18 | 0.25±0.08 | Accuracy | 11.350 | |
Distance×accuracy | 2.708** |