The Effect of Back Massage on Degree of Pain, State Anxiety and Quality of Sleep of Postoperative Patients with Gastrectomy

Mi Suk Han; Kang-Yi Lee

doi:10.5388/aon.2012.12.1.69

Journal List > Asian Oncol Nurs > v.12(1) > 1081758

Go to TopGo to Top Go to BottomGo to Bottom

TOOLS

Han and Lee: The Effect of Back Massage on Degree of Pain, State Anxiety and Quality of Sleep of Postoperative Patients with Gastrectomy

Original Article

Asian Oncology Nursing

Asian Oncology Nursing 2012; 12(1): 69-76.

Published online: 29 February 2012

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5388/aon.2012.12.1.69

The Effect of Back Massage on Degree of Pain, State Anxiety and Quality of Sleep of Postoperative Patients with Gastrectomy

Mi Suk Han¹, Kang-Yi Lee²

¹Nurse, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.

²Professor, Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Lee, Kang-Yi. Department of Nursing, Daejeon University, 96-3 Yongun-dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon 300-716, Korea. Tel: +82-42-280-2651, Fax: +82-42-280-2785, kang52@dju.ac.kr

Received 30 November 2011 Accepted 27 January 2012

Abstract

Purpose

Most of postoperative patients experience pain, state anxiety and sleep disturbance. These problems negatively influence the recovery of postoperative patients. So alleviating these problems has been one of the nurses' central roles. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of back massage on pain, state anxiety and quality of sleep of postoperative gastrectomy patients.

Methods

A non-synchronized non-equivalent control group pre and post-test design was used. The research instruments used in this study were the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for pain, the State-Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for anxiety and the Verran and Synder-Halpern scale for quality of sleep. The subjects were patients admitted to a university hospital located in D city. Twenty-nine patients in the experimental group had a 10 min manual back massage stimulation for 5 days from the 1st day to the 5th day after their operation, and 25 patients in the control group did not.

Results

The degree of pain was significantly reduced according to post operation day and quality of sleep was significantly increased. However state anxiety was not significantly reduced.

Conclusion

Back massage is a partially effective nursing intervention for postoperative patients with gastrectomy who experience pain and sleep disturbance.

Keywords: Massage, Pain, Anxiety, Sleep

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Research design. Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; Tx=treatment; POD=post operative day; Adm=admission day; O₁=pain score; O₂=state anxiety; O₃=quality of sleep.

Table 1

Homogeneity Test for Characteristics of Subjects (N=54)

^*Fisher's exact test.

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; EGC=early gastric cancer; AGC=advanced gastric cancer; PCA=patient controlled analgesia; HT=hypertension; DM=diabetes mellitus.

Table 2

Homogeneity Test of Research Variable (N=54)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; POD=post operative day.

Table 3

Change of Pain Score according to Time between Two Groups (N=54)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group; POD=post operative day; G=group; T=time; G^*T=group^*time.

Table 4

Effect of State Anxiety between Two Groups (N=54)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

Table 5

Effect of Quality of Sleep between Two Groups (N=54)

Exp.=experimental group; Cont.=control group.

References

1. Bae SH. Treatment of gastric cancer-overview of surgical treatment. Dongguk J Med. 2003. 10(2):104–110.

2. William NM, Paula PS. Mood:the frame of mind. 1989. New York: Springer-Verlag Publishers.

3. Kwak MJ. A study on the relationship of pain, anxiety, and sleep in the cancer patients [dissertation]. 2001. Seoul: Ewha Womans Univ..

4. Baik HG. The effectiveness of foot-reflexo-massage to premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea [dissertation]. 1999. Seoul: Seoul Univ..

5. Lee KJ, Jang CJ, Jo HS. Effects of full body massage on labor pain and delivery stress reaction for primipara during labor. Korean J Women Health Nurs. 2003. 9:224–234.

6. Harris M, Richards KC. The physiological and psychological effects of slow-stroke back massage and hand massage on relaxation in older people. J Clin Nurs. 2010. 19:917–926.

7. Park JS. Theory, practice and research trends on pain role theory. Korean J Nurs Query. 1995. 4(1):52–70.

8. Ham YL. Effects of back massage on pain, mood and wound healing in the patients with gastrectomy. Korean J Nurs Query. 2003. 12(2):128–149.

9. Park SA. The effect of aroma hand massage on sleep disturbance and depression in hospitalized elderly patients [dissertation]. 2007. Busan: Dong Eui Univ..

Kim MH. The effects of aroma foot massage on the anxiety and the pain during colonoscopy with conscious sedation [dissertation]. 2006. Daegu: Daegu Catholic Univ..

11. Kyong BS. The effectiveness of reflexology on pain, anxiety, quality of sleep in patients with terminal cancer [dissertation]. 2006. Daejeon: Daejeon Univ..

12. Dunwoody L, Smyth A, Davidson R. Cancer patients' experiences and evaluations of aromatherapy massage in palliative care. Int J Palliat Nurs. 2002. 8:497–504.

13. Goodfellow LM. The effects of therapeutic back massage on psychophysiologic variables and immune function in spouses of patients with cancer. Nurs Res. 2003. 52:318–328.

14. Kim KJ. The effects of aroma massage on contraction of uterus, duration of delivery time, stress, anxiety and pain during delivery [dissertation]. 2004. Seoul: Hanyang Univ..

15. Choi MO. The effects of aroma massage on stress in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy [dissertation]. 2004. Seoul: Kyunghee Univ..

16. Kim EJ. The effect of the back massage on pain and anxiety of the post-operative patients received hysterectomy [dissertation]. 1999. Seoul: Seoul Univ..

17. Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for behavioral sciences. 1988. New York: Academic Press;553–558.

18. Spielberger CD. Spielberger CD, Barratt ES, editors. Anxiety as an emotional state. Anxiety: current trends in theory and research. 1972. New York: Academic Press;23–49.

19. Kim JT, Shin DK. A Study Based on the standardization of the STAI (State-Anxiety Inventory) for Korea. New Med J. 1978. 21(11):69–75.

20. Snyder-Halpern R, Verran JA. Instrumentation to describe subjective sleep characteristics in healthy subjects. Res Nurs Health. 1987. 10:155–163.

21. Oh JJ, Song MS, Kim SM. Study to develop and validate Korean Sleep Scale A. J Korean Acad Nurs. 1998. 28:563–572.

22. Kim HY. A survey of sleep state, sleep promoting activities, sleep disturbing factors and their relationship in abdominal & thoracic surgery patients [dissertation]. 2001. Seoul: Seoul Univ..

23. Snyder M, Egan EC, Burns KR. Efficacy of hand massage in decreasing agitation behaviors associated with care activities in persons with dementia. Geriatr Nurs. 1995. 16(2):60–63.

24. Weinrich SP, Weinrich MC. The effect of massage on pain in cancer patients. Appl Nurs Res. 1990. 3(4):140–145.

25. Lidell L, Thomas S, Beresford-Cooke C, Porter A. The book of massage: the complete step-by-step guide to Eastern and Western techniques. 1984. New York: Simon and Schuster Publishers.

26. Turk DC, Flor H. Gatchel RJ, Turk DC, editors. Psychosocial factors in pain : Critical Perspectives. Chronic pain: a biobehavioral perspective. 1999. New York: Guilford Press;18–34.

27. Longworth JC. Psychophysiological effects of slow stroke back massage in normotensive females. ANS Adv Nurs Sci. 1982. 4:44–61.

28. Shin HJ. The effect of slow stroke back massage (SSBM) on the change of stress-related hormone levels and sleep quality in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia [dissertation]. 2006. Gyeonggi: Pocheon CHA Univ..

29. Groër M, Boynton M, Mozingo J, Dropplenian P, Dabis K. Measures of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A and state anxiety after a nursing back rub. Appl Nurs Res. 1994. 7(1):2–6.

30. Kim HS, Lee HL. The effect of slow stroke back massage on anxiety and immune response in the patients undergoing open heart surgery. J Korean Acad Nurs. 1998. 28:980–991.

TOOLS

Similar articles