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Lee and Ji: Inhibitory Effects of D-mannose on Streptococcus mutans in the Presence of Sucrose
Original Article

J Bacteriol Virol 2016;46(2):57-62.

Published online: 9 February 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4167/jbv.2016.46.2.57

Inhibitory Effects of D-mannose on Streptococcus mutans in the Presence of Sucrose

Jin-Hee Lee1, Geun-Eog Ji1, 2, ∗

1Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea

2Research Institute, BIFIDO Co., Ltd., Hongchun, Gangwon, Korea

∗Corresponding author: Geun-Eog Ji. Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea. Phone: +82-2-880-8749, Fax: +82-2-884-0305, e-mail: geji@snu.ac.kr

∗∗ This work was carried out with the support of Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ01123001), Rural Development Administration, and of the Promoting Regional specialized Industry (Project No. R0004140), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE) and Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT), Republic of Korea.

Received 19 April 2019 May 2016       Accepted 16 May 2016

Copyright © 2016 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the inhibitory effect of rare sugars on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the presence of sucrose. Xylitol and three rare sugars (D-xylose, D-lyxose and D-mannose) were used in this study. S. mutans KCTC 3065 was cultured in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) medium containing xylitol, D-xylose, D-lyxose, or D-mannose in the presence of sucrose, and the effect on S. mutans growth was assessed by measuring solution turbidity at different time points after inoculation. To assess effects on pH, sucrose was added at different concentrations, and solution pH was measured at different time points after inoculation. All sugars significantly inhibited the growth of S. mutans in the presence of sucrose. Especially, D-lyxose and D-mannose exhibited significantly greater inhibition than that of xylitol. Furthermore, unlike D-lyxose, D-mannose significantly inhibited the decrement of pH, and its effect was greater than that of xylitol. Taken together, D-mannose has strong inhibitory effect on S. mutans in the presence of sucrose.

Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, D-mannose, D-lyxose, Xylitol, Dental caries

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Figure 1.
The inhibition of S. mutans growth by rare sugars in the presence of sucrose. (A) The turbidity of the solutions at 6, 12,18, 24, and 36 h after inoculation. (B) The ability of rare sugars to inhibit S. mutans growth at 12 h after inoculation. ∗p < 0.05 for the mean values vs. the control group (only contained sucrose). ∗∗p <0.05 for the mean values vs. the xylitol group.
jbv-46-57f1.tif
Figure 2.
The effect of various rare sugars on pH change of the growth medium containing sucrose at 12 h after inoculation. ∗ p < 0.05 for the mean values vs. the control group (only contained sucrose). ∗∗ p < 0.05 for the mean values vs. the xylitol group.
jbv-46-57f2.tif
Table 1.
The effect of various rare sugars on pH change of the growth medium containing sucrose at 12, 24, and 36 h after inoculation
Solution pH
12 h 24 h 36 h
Sucrose 1% 4.75±0.185 4.24±0.092 4.07±0.036
Sucrose 1% + xylitol 1% 5.11±0.070 4.31±0.093 4.09±0.032
Sucrose 1% + D-xylose 1% 4.75±0.140 4.20±0.045 4.04±0.023
Sucrose 1% + D-lyxose 1% 4.97±0.131 4.26±0.050 4.06±0.023
Sucrose 1% + D-mannose 1% 6.62±0.168 4.63±0.206 4.20±0.055
Sucrose 5% 4.86±0.114 4.25±0.047 4.08±0.031
Sucrose 5% + xylitol 1% 5.19±0.125 4.31±0.057 4.11±0.040
Sucrose 5% + D-xylose 1% 4.86±0.213 4.23±0.076 4.08±0.020
Sucrose 5% + D-lyxose 1% 5.04±0.167 4.28±0.040 4.10±0.021
Sucrose 5% + D-mannose 1% 6.73±0.079 4.73±0.131 4.24±0.061
Sucrose 10% 4.93±0.136 4.25±0.057 4.11±0.025
Sucrose 10% + xylitol 1% 5.26±0.107 4.39±0.085 4.17±0.047
Sucrose 10% + D-xylose 1% 4.91±0.110 4.27±0.075 4.09±0.029
Sucrose 10% + D-lyxose 1% 5.06±0.139 4.35±0.047 4.13±0.021
Sucrose 10% + D-mannose 1% 6.79±0.115 5.03±0.120 4.33±0.071

Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation

Table 2.
Summary of the inhibitory effects on S. mutans by rare sugars in the presence of sucrose
  Bacterial growth Acid production
Xylitol ++ +
D-xylose ++ -
D-lyxose +++ -
D-mannose +++ ++

-: no inhibition, p > 0.05

+: slight inhibition, 0.01 < p < 0.05

++: moderate inhibition, 0.0001 < p < 0.01

+++: strong inhibition, p < 0.0001

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