The study of metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in adolescent children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome: Using the data from 2007-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

SoYeon Kwon; Mijung Park; YoonJu Song

doi:10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.531

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Kwon, Park, and Song: The study of metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in adolescent children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome: Using the data from 2007-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Research Article

Journal of Nutrition and Health 2013; 46(6): 531-539.

Published online: 31 December 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2013.46.6.531

The study of metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in adolescent children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome: Using the data from 2007-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

SoYeon Kwon¹, Mijung Park², YoonJu Song¹

¹Major of Food and Nutrition, School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 420-743, Korea.

²Department of Pediatrics, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul 139-707, Korea.

To whom correspondence should be addressed. (yjsong@catholic.ac.kr)

Received 24 June 2013 Revised 11 July 2013 Accepted 27 October 2013

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korea has been increasing in adults, as well as in adolescents. Recently the prevalence of MetS in children has been reported to strongly link that of MetS in parents. Families are known to share similar food environment so that eating habits of parents closely resemble that of the children's. Therefore, the aim of this study to examine metabolic risk factors and dietary intake in children by with respect to mother's metabolic syndrome, based on the data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2007-2010. Using the household variable and the eldest child per household, 1,341 pairs of mothers and children were selected. The mothers were defined by MetS criteria, and then the children were classified into the following three groups in accordance to the mothers' MetS; children whose mothers had none, 1-2, and 3 or more components of MetS. All dietary data were evaluated using the data from a food frequency questionnaire. The mean age was 42.6 ± 4.2 years for the mothers, and 14.9 ± 2.0 years for the children. Children whose mothers had 3 or more components of MetS showed a significantly higher prevalence of overweight and higher level of fasting triglyceride; conversely, they showed a lower level of serum HDL-cholesterol compared to the other two groups. Regarding an agreement of food consumption between the mothers and children, most food groups showed high agreement, except in the category of beverages. Regarding the dietary habits and family meals, children whose mothers had 3 or more components of MetS were more likely to skip breakfast and less likely to have family meals at breakfast or snack. In conclusion, the children's metabolic risk factors and dietary factors were different with respect to the status of mothers' MetS. Further studies are necessary to examine the causal effect of family environment in children's health status.

Keywords: metabolic syndrome, mothers, adolescent, family meals

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1

Flow diagram regarding the selection of study subjects.

Table 1

General and metabolic syndrome characteristics in mothers and adolescent children

1) Defined by age and gender specifc BMI percentile in 2007 Korean Children and Adolescents Growth Standard.

Table 2

The basic and metabolic syndrome characteristics in adolescent children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome

1) Defined by age and gender specifc BMI percentile in 2007 Korean Children and Adolescents Growth Standard. 2) HOMA-IR = [Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) × Fasting plasma insulin (µIU/mL)]/22.5 3) Mean values were significantly different after adjusted for children's age, BMI, and physical activity by Generalized Linear Model and mean values with different letters were tested by Duncan's multiple range test (NS: not significant).

Table 3

The agreement of food consumption frequency between mothers and children

1) n, %

Table 4

Food consumption of children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome

1) Mean ± S.D. 2) Mean values were significantly different after adjusted for children's age, BMI, and physical activity by Generalized Linear Model and mean values with different letter were tested by Duncan's multiple range test (NS: not significant).

Table 5

The dietary behaviors of children by the status of mothers' metabolic syndrome

1) Snack data were used only from 2007-2009 KNHANES due to no data available in 2010 KNHANES. 2) p from chi-square test (NS, not significant)

Notes

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2013R1A1A3010359) and also supported by the Research Fund, 2013 of the Catholic University of Korea.

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