Journal List > Korean Diabetes J > v.33(2) > 1002279

Lee, Yu, Choi, Yoo, and Hong: Risk Factors for Early Development of Macrovascular Complications in Korean Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background

The average duration of diabetes and predictive factors of macrovascular complications in Korean diabetic patients remain to be elucidated. This study examines the average duration of diabetes up to the onset of macrovascular complications and clinically important factors of early development of these complications in Korean type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods

Clinical characteristics in type 2 diabetics with (n = 121) and without macrovascular complications (n = 115) were analyzed. In addition, early onset (≤ 5 years, n = 54) and late onset groups (> 5 years, n = 67) were compared, as were the clinical characteristics between male and female patients in the macrovascular complications group.

Results

The average duration of diabetes was 8.7 ± 7.8 years in the macrovascular complications group. Average age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and smoking history were all higher in the macrovascular complications group than the control group. However, HbA1c levels and prevalence of microvascular complications were higher in the controls. Average age was lower in the early onset group and many more patients of that group had a smoking history. In the analysis based on sex, marcrovascular complications developed earlier in male patients. In addition, the prevalence of family history of diabetes was higher in males and 77.8% of male patients had a smoking history (female: 3.4%).

Conclusion

Our study confirms that older age, high blood pressure and smoking history are major risk factors for the development of macrovascular complications. Moreover, a smoking history in males can be both risk and predictive factors for earlier development of macrovascular complications in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. We also found that several clinical characteristics including age, family history of diabetes, hypertension and smoking history, vary between the sexes, and these findings can provide useful indices for the prevention of macrovascular complications.

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1
Prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications in the macrovascular complications group and the control group. Cx, Complications. *P < 0.05.
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Fig. 2
Prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications in early onset and late onset groups of macrovascular complications. *P < 0.05.
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Fig. 3
Prevalence of diabetic microvascular complications in male and female patients in the macrovascular complications group.
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Table 1
The clinical characteristics of the macrovascular complications group and the control group
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Data are presented as the mean value ± SD or number (%) of patients. Statistical significance was tested by Chi-square test or two sample t-test. *Statistically significant. BMI, Body mass index; BP, blood pressure; Cx, complications; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 2
Comparision of clinical characteristics between early onset and late onset groups in the patients with macrovascular complications
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Data are presented as the mean value ± SD or number (%) of patients. Statistical significance was tested by Chi-square test or two sample t-test. *Statistically significant. BMI, Body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 3
Comparison of clinical characteristics between male and female patients in the macrovascular complications group
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Data are presented as the mean value ± SD or number (%) of patients. Statistical significance was tested by Chi-square test or two sample t-test. *Statistically significant. BMI, Body mass index; BP, blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 4
Multiple logistic regression analysis on the macrovascular complications group
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BP, blood pressure; CI, confidence interval.

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