PDF
ePub
Citation
Print
Abstract
Previously proposed main pathogenic mechanisms for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increased hepatic glucose production, insulin resistance and insulin secretion defect. However, further mechanisms involved in the development of T2DM such as decreased incretin effect, increased glucose reabsorption and neurotransmitter dysfunction have been proposed recently. Based on these findings, various medications for glycemic control in T2DM are developing. In this review article, I will focus on the mechanisms and efficacies of up-coming new diabetes medications.
References
1. Philippe J, Raccah D. Treating type 2 diabetes: how safe are current therapeutic agents? Int J Clin Pract. 2009. 63:321–332.
2. Task Force Team For Basic Statistical Study of Korean Diabetes Mellitus. Report of Task Force Team For Basic Statistical Study of Korean Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes in Korea 2007. 2007. 1st ed. Seoul: Goldfishery;47–48.
3. Defronzo RA. Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 2009. 58:773–795.
4. Garber AJ. Long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a review of their efficacy and tolerability. Diabetes Care. 2011. 34:Suppl 2. S279–S284.
5. Steensgaard DB, Thomsen JK, Olsen HB, Knudsen LB. The molecular basis for the delayed absorption of the once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, liraglutide. Diabetes. 2008. 57:Suppl 1. A164.
6. Krause A, Kirwin J. Exenatide LAR: a sustained-release formulation of exenatide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Formulary. 2010. 45:43–51.
7. Deacon CF. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a comparative review. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011. 13:7–18.
8. Bonadonna RC, Heise T, Arbet-Engels C, Kapitza C, Avogaro A, Grimsby J, Zhi J, Grippo JF, Balena R. Piragliatin (RO4389620), a novel glucokinase activator, lowers plasma glucose both in the postabsorptive state and after a glucose challenge in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a mechanistic study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010. 95:5028–5036.
9. Burant CF, Viswanathan P, Marcinak J, Cao C, Vakilynejad M, Xie B, Leifke E. TAK-875 versus placebo or glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012. 379:1403–1411.
10. Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo RA. Inhibition of renal glucose reabsorption: a novel strategy for achieving glucose control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract. 2008. 14:782–790.
11. List JF, Woo V, Morales E, Tang W, Fiedorek FT. Sodium-glucose cotransport inhibition with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009. 32:650–657.
12. Neumiller JJ, White JR Jr, Campbell RK. Sodium-glucose co-transport inhibitors: progress and therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 2010. 70:377–385.
13. Nair S, Wilding JP. Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a new treatment for diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010. 95:34–42.
14. Wilding JP, Gause-Nilsson I, Persson A. GALLANT 7 Study Group. Tesaglitazar, as add-on therapy to sulphonylurea, dose-dependently improves glucose and lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2007. 4:194–203.
15. Buse JB, Rubin CJ, Frederich R, Viraswami-Appanna K, Lin KC, Montoro R, Shockey G, Davidson JA. Muraglitazar, a dual (alpha/gamma) PPAR activator: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 24-week monotherapy trial in adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Ther. 2005. 27:1181–1195.
16. Cariou B, Zaïr Y, Staels B, Bruckert E. Effects of the new dual PPAR α/δ agonist GFT505 on lipid and glucose homeostasis in abdominally obese patients with combined dyslipidemia or impaired glucose metabolism. Diabetes Care. 2011. 34:2008–2014.
17. Masuzaki H, Flier JS. Tissue-specific glucocorticoid reactivating enzyme, 11 beta-hydrox ysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 beta-HSD1)--a promising drug target for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Curr Drug Targets Immune Endocr Metabol Disord. 2003. 3:255–262.
18. Hale C, Wang M. Development of 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2008. 8:702–710.
19. Rosenstock J, Banarer S, Fonseca VA, Inzucchi SE, Sun W, Yao W, Hollis G, Flores R, Levy R, Williams WV, Seckl JR, Huber R. INCB13739-202 Principal Investigators. The 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor INCB13739 improves hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy. Diabetes Care. 2010. 33:1516–1522.
XML Download