Journal List > Korean J Women Health Nurs > v.25(2) > 1127363

Lee and Lee: Reproductive Health Promotion Behavior of Infertility Women and Normal Women

Abstract

Purpose:

To compare reproductive health promoting behaviors (RHPBs) of infertile women with those of normal women and identify effects of RHPB on infertility.

Methods:

A total of 148 females (73 infertile women and 75 normal women) were enrolled in this study. Measurements included their general characteristics and RHPB using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ2 test, ANCOVA, and hierarchical logistic regression using SPSS.

Results:

There were significant difference in incomes, number of family, number of term deliveries, and number of abortions according to infertility diagnosis. Mean duration of infertility was 32.16 months. Only 12.32% women had known cause of infertility. The most common cause of infertility was unknown. Mean RHPB score was 3.98 for infertile women and 4.41 for normal women. In logistic regression, total RHPB (odds ratio [OR], 0.21) and safe sex of RHPB (OR, 0.66) were significant factors influencing infertility. Infertile women's total RHPB and subcategories of RHPB (safe sex behavior and sexual transmitted disease [STD] prevention) were lower than those of normal women.

Conclusion:

For infertility women, RHPB-related intervention programs are needed, especially information about safe sex behavior and STD prevention.

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Table 1.
General Characteristics of Subjects (N=148)
Variable Categories Total Infertility (n=73) Normal (n=75) χ2 (p)
  n(%) n(%)  
Age (year) ≤29 30–39 ≥40 19 (12.8) 99 (66.9) 30 (20.3) 9 (12.3) 54 (74.0) 10 (13.7) 10 (13.3) 45 (60.0) 20 (26.7) 4.18 (.124)
Religion Job Yes No Yes No 85 (57.4) 63 (42.6) 101 (68.2) 47 (31.8) 44 (60.3) 29 (39.7) 45 (61.6) 28 (38.4) 41 (54.7) 34 (45.3) 56 (74.7) 19 (25.3) 0.48 (.510) 2.90 (.112)
Education Incomes (10,000 won) High school College Graduate <100 24 (16.2) 110 (74.3) 14 (9.5) 10 (6.8) 12 (16.4) 51 (69.9) 10 (13.7) 7 (9.6) 12 (16.0) 59 (78.7) 4 (5.3) 3 (4.0) 3.13 (.209) 15.37 (.004)
Number of family members 100–199 200–299 300–499 ≥500 2 39 (26.4) 56 (37.8) 32 (21.6) 11 (7.4) 55 (37.2) 13 (17.8) 25 (34.2) 24 (32.9) 4 (5.5) 55 (75.3) 26 (34.7) 31 (41.3) 8 (10.7) 7 (9.3) - (<.001)
Type of family 3 4 ≥5 Nuclear 39 (26.4) 47 (31.8) 7 (4.7) 137 (92.6) 12 (16.4) 5 (6.8) 1 (1.4) 65 (89.0) 27 (36.0) 42 (56.0) 6 (8.0) 72 (96.0) (.075)
Spousal support Extended Others Yes No 6 (4.1) 5 (3.4) 138 (93.2) 10 (6.8) 3 (4.1) 5 (6.8) 68 (93.2) 5 6.8) 3 (4.0) -70 (93.3) 5 (6.7) (.610)
Experience of term deliveries Experience of preterm deliveries Yes No Yes No 92 (62.2) 56 (37.8) 4 (2.7) 144 (97.3) 17 (23.3) 56 (76.7) 2 (2.7) 71 (97.3) 75 (100.0) -2 (2.7) 73 (97.3) 92.56 (<.001) (.685)
Experience of abortion Yes No 34 (23.0) 114 (77.0) 26 (35.6) 47 (64.4) 8 (10.7) 67 (89.3) 13.01 (<.001)

Fisher's exact test.

Table 2.
Infertility-Related Characteristics (N=73)
Variable Categories n(%) M±SD
Duration of infertility (montd) <24 29 (39.7) M±SD 32.16±24.40
24–35 23 (31.5)
Cause of infertility 36–59 ≥60 Female only Male only 9 (12.3) -12 (16.4) 9 (12.3) -
Female causes of infertility Both female and male Ovulation disorder Damage to fallopian tubes Endometriosis 64 (87.7) 23 (31.5) 7 (9.6) 9 (12.3) -
Male causes of infertility Uterine or cervical causes Unknown causes Spermatogenic disturbance Sperm transport disorder 1 (1.4) 33 (45.2) 2 (2.7) 3 (4.1) -
  Gonad disorder sexual disorder Unknown causes No response 11 (15.1) 1 (1.4) 47 (64.4) 9 (12.3)  

M±SD=mean±standard deviation.

Table 3.
RHPB by Infertility (N=148)
RHPB Total Infertility (n=73) Normal (n=75) F (p)
Score Mean score Score Mean score Score Mean score  
M±SD M±SD M±SD M±SD M±SD M±SD  
Safe sex behavior 13.78±4.48 3.45±1.12 12.48±3.87 3.12±0.97 5.05±4.69 3.76±1.17 5.66 (.019)
Sexual responsibility 17.43±2.77 4.36±0.69 16.66±2.64 4.17±0.66 18.17±2.69 4.54±0.67 1.73 (.191)
Genital health management 16.74±3.15 4.18±0.79 15.88±3.10 4.00±0.77 17.57±0.99 4.40±0.75 3.30 (.072)
STD prevention 14.02±1.71 4.67±0.57 13.52±1.89 4.51±0.63 14.51±1.35 4.84±0.45 9.04 (.003)
Genital hygiene management Total 13.53±2.11 75.50±10.38 4.51±0.70 4.20±0.58 12.93±2.43 71.47±9.05 4.31±0.81 3.98±0.51 14.12±1.54 79.43±10.12 4.71±0.51 4.41±0.56 1.03 (.311) 7.47 (.007)

RHPB=reproductive health promoting behavior; M±SD=mean±standard deviation; STD=sexual transmitted disease.

Covariate: income, number of family members, number of term deliveries, number of abortions.

Table 4.
Effects of RHPB on Infertility
Variable   Model 1     Model 2  
Incomes (10,000 won) Exp (B) 95% CI p Exp (B) 95% CI p
<100 100–199 200–299 300–499 4.08 0.88 1.41 5.25 0.66–25.38 0.22–3.54 0.37–5.37 1.21–22.74 .131 .851 .613 .027 2.01 0.64 0.91 3.76 0.28–14.16 0.14–2.87 0.21–3.83 0.79–17.94 .485 .561 .892 .097
≥500 Reference   Reference  
RHPB       0.21 0.10–0.46 <.001

RHPB=reproductive health promoting behavior; CI=confidence interval.

2LL=189.26, Cox & Snell R

2 =15.9%, Nagelkere R

2 =13.6%, χ

2 =15.88, p=.003;

2LL=169.04, Cox & Snell R

2 =21.6%, Nagelkere R

2 =28.9%, χ

2 =36.11, p<.001.

Table 5.
Effects of Subscale RHPB on Infertility
Variable   Model 1     Model 2  
  Exp (B) 95% CI p Exp (B) 95% CI p
Incomes (10,000 won)            
<100 4.08 0.66–25.38 .131 2.21 0.30–16.19 .436
100–199 0.88 0.22–3.54 .851 0.67 0.14–3.08 .602
200–299 1.41 0.37–5.37 .613 1.05 0.23–4.68 .954
300–499 5.25 1.21–22.74 .027 4.22 0.84–21.09 .080
≥500 Reference     Reference    
RHPB            
Safe sex behavior       0.66 0.45–0.97 .032
Sexual responsibility       0.96 0.47–1.95 .904
Genital health managem ment     0.75 0.42–1.32 .314
STD prevention       0.66 0.26–1.64 .370
Genital hygiene manage ment     0.63 0.29–1.36 .240

RHPB=reproductive health promoting behavior; CI=confidence interval; STD=sexual transmitted disease.

2LL=189.26, Cox & Snell R

2 =15.9%, Nagelkere R

2 =13.6%, χ

2 =15.88, p=.003;

2LL=167.43, Cox & Snell R

2 =22.5%, Nagelkere R

2 =30.0%, χ

2 =37.72, p<.001.

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