Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.48(2) > 1003297

Jung and Shin: Actor and Partner Effects of Health Status, Marital Satisfaction and Self Efficacy on Retirement Preparation of Middle Aged Couples: Actor-Partner Interdependence Model Analysis

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of health status, marital satisfaction, and self efficacy on retirement preparation in middle aged couples using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model.

Methods

Participants were 121 middle aged couples living in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do and Daegu City, Korea. All measures were self-administered. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0.

Results

1) Wife's self efficacy and marital satisfaction showed direct actor and partner effects on retirement preparation in middle aged couples. Wife's health status showed an indirect actor effect through wife's self efficacy and marital satisfaction on wife's retirement preparation, and showed an indirect partner effect through husband's self efficacy on husband's retirement preparation. 2) Husband's self efficacy and marital satisfaction showed only direct actor effect on retirement preparation. Health status among the husbands showed an indirect actor effect on husband's retirement preparation through their self efficacy and marital satisfaction, and an indirect partner effect through wife's marital satisfaction on wife's retirement preparation. 3) The actor effect size of health status on self efficacy and marital satisfaction was larger among husband's than wife's. Additionally, the partner effect size of health status on self efficacy and marital satisfaction was different between the two groups; however, the actor and partner effect size of self efficacy and marital satisfaction on retirement preparation was the same for husband and wife.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that nursing intervention strategies for improving self efficacy and marital satisfaction are strongly needed to enhance retirement preparation of middle aged couples in Korean community.

References

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Figure 1.
Test for hypothetical model.
jkan-48-154f1.tif
Table 1.
The Level of Health Status, Marital Satisfaction, Self Efficacy and Retirement Preparation in the Middle Aged Couples (N=121 pairs)
Variables Wives (n=121) Husbands (n=121) t p
M±SD Min Max Skewness Kurtosis Mean±SD Min Max Skewness Kurtosis
Health status
   Physical 3.74±0.63 1.56 5.00 −0.32 0.65 3.93±0.56 2.44 5.00 −0.25 −0.29 −3.09 .002
   Psychological 3.52±0.76 1.00 5.00 −0.40 0.65 3.75±0.73 1.67 5.00 −0.20 −0.04 −3.13 .002
Marital satisfaction 3.75±0.78 1.00 4.92 −0.57 0.18 4.04±0.71 2.33 5.00 −0.46 −0.53 −5.09 <.001
   Self efficacy 3.49±0.54 1.53 4.88 −0.26 1.37 3.64±0.55 2.35 5.00 0.36 −0.19 −2.60 .011
Retirement preparation
Financial 3.42±0.63 1.44 4.89 −0.62 0.83 3.44±0.69 1.00 4.89 −0.58 0.91 −0.47 .639
   Physical 3.41±0.53 1.86 5.00 −0.44 0.67 3.26±0.66 1.00 4.86 −0.26 1.01 2.55 .012
   Emotional 3.51±0.51 2.00 5.00 0.30 1.32 3.44±0.61 1.00 4.83 −0.44 1.42 1.20 .231

M±SD=Mean standard deviation; Max=Maximum; Min=Minimum.

Table 2.
Correlation among Health Status, Marital Satisfaction, Self Efficacy and Retirement Preparation in the Middle Aged Couples (N=121 pairs)
Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
r (p)
1. Wife’s health status 1
2. Wife’s marital satisfaction .42 (<.001) 1
3. Wife’s self efficacy .40 (<.001) .47 (<.001) 1
4. Wife’s retirement preparation .43 (<.001) .56 (<.001) .61 (<.001) 1
5. Husband’s health status .43 (<.001) .36 (<.001) .29 (.001) .34 (<.001) 1
6. Husband’s marital satisfaction .31 (.001) .64 (<.001) .32 (<.001) .36 (<.001) .49 (<.001) 1
7. Husband’s self efficacy .08 (.367) .40 (<.001) .30 (.001) .22 (.015) .51 (<.001) .52 (<.001) 1
8. Husband’s retirement preparation .25 (.005) .58 (<.001) .43 (<.001) .62 (<.001) .37 (<.001) .58 (<.001) .47 (<.001) 1
Table 3.
Effect Coefficients for Hypothetical Model (N=121 pair
Endogenous variables Exogenous variables Standardize estimates (β) S.E C.R. (p) Direct effect Indirect effect Total effect SMC
β (p) β (p) β (p)
Wife’s retirement Wife’s self efficacy .49 0.67 4.57 (<.001) .49 (.004) .49 (.004) .67
   preparation Wife’s marital satisfaction .35 0.07 3.04 (.002) .35 (.004) .35 (.004)
Wife’s health status .21 0.07 1.93 (.053) .21 (.034) .30 (.020) .51 (.008)
Husband’s self efficacy −.02 0.06 −0.16 (.871) −.02 (.805) −.02 (.805)
Husband’s marital satisfaction .01 0.07 0.05 (.960) .01 (.978) .01 (.978)
Husband’s health status .22(.142) .22 (.142)
Wife’s self efficacy Wife’s health status .42 0.12 3.77 (<.001) .42 (.013) .42 (.013) .29
Husband’s health status .19 0.14 1.63 (.103) .19 (.153) .19 (.153)
Wife’s marital Wife’s health status .27 0.10 2.67 (.008) .27 (.043) .27 (.043) .36
   satisfaction Husband’s health status .42 0.13 4.04 (<.001) .42 (.015) .42 (.015)
Husband’s retirement Husband’s self efficacy .34 0.09 2.54 (.011) .34 (.064) .34 (.064) .64
   preparation Husband’s marital satisfaction .36 0.08 3.25 (.001) .36 (.004) .36 (.004)
Husband’s health status −.07 0.16 −0.39 (.700) −.07 (.661) .69 (.004) .62 (.004)
Wife’s self efficacy .18 0.05 2.39 (.017) .18 (.005) .18 (.005)
Wife’s marital satisfaction .24 0.07 2.51 (.012) .24 (.007) .24 (.007)
Wife’s health status .03 (.901) .03 (.901)
Husband’s self efficacy Husband’s health status .95 0.18 6.48 (<.001) .95 (.004) .95 (.004) .70
Wife’s health status −.34 0.12 −2.93 (.003) −.34 (.008) −.34 (.008)
Husband’s marital Husband’s health status .66 0.13 6.09 (<.001) .66 (.004) .66 (.004) .46
   satisfaction Wife’s health status −.03 0.10 0.26 (.792) .03 (.718) .03 (.718)

C.R.=Critical Ratio; S.E=Standard Error; SMC=Squared Multiple Correlation.

Table 4.
χ 2 Differences Test between the Basic Model and Equivalent Constraint Model (N=121 pairs)
Variables Model χ2 df TLI CFI RMSEA χ2 differences χ2 (p)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
   health status Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 91.66 58 .94 .96 .07 11.35 (.001)
   and self efficacy Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 90.40 58 .94 .96 .07 10.08 (.001)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
   health status and Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 87.75 58 .94 .96 .07 7.43 (.006)
   marital satisfaction Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 86.85 58 .94 .96 .06 6.53 (.011)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
Wife and husband’s self efficacy and Basic model Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 80.32 80.85 57 58 .95 .96 .97 .97 .06 .06 0.34 (.562)
   retirement preparation Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 83.05 58 .95 .97 .06 2.74 (.098)
Wife and husband’s Basic model 80.32 57 .95 .97 .06
   marital satisfaction and Actor effect equivalent constraint 1 (a=a') 80.42 58 .96 .97 .06 0.11 (.745)
   retirement preparation Partner effect equivalent constraint 2 (b=b') 82.72 58 .95 .97 .06 2.41 (.121)

CFI=Comparative Fit Index; df=Degree of freedom; RMSEA=Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation; TLI=Turker Lewis Index.

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