Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs > v.41(6) > 1002766

Park: Effects of Interactive Pictorial Education on Community Dwelling Older Adult’s Self Efficacy and Knowledge for Safe Medication

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interactive pictorial education on community dwelling older Korean adults’ self-efficacy and knowledge for safe medication.

Methods

A quasi-experimental, three-group pre- and post-intervention design was used in this study. The interactive pictorial education was designed to suit the learning patterns and psychomotor skills of older adults. The education content, dealing with safe medication, was delivered over three sessions. A total of 136 older adults from local senior centers were assigned to one of the three groups: a) interactive pictorial education plus information booklet (experimental); b) education only with information booklet (conventional); or c) no intervention (control).

Results

Participants receiving interactive pictorial education had significantly higher self-efficacy (F=24.32, p<.001) and knowledge (F=24.26, p<.001) scores than the information booklet or control group at post intervention. Post-hoc analyses indicated that both the interactive pictorial and the information booklet groups had significantly higher self-efficacy and knowledge scores than the control group at the post-test point (p<.05). Furthermore, the interactive pictorial group had higher self-efficacy and knowledge scores than the information booklet group at the post-test point (p<.05).

Conclusion

These results suggest that the interactive pictorial education is an innovative approach that provides a means for older adults to learn appropriate medication use to improve their own health. It empowers older adults with different literacy levels to enhance their self-efficacy and knowledge for the safe use of medication.

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Figure 1.
Interactive pictorial map for education.
jkan-41-795f1.tif
Figure 2.
Interactive pictorial cards for education.
jkan-41-795f2.tif
Figure 3.
Changes in the scores of self-efficacy for three groups.
jkan-41-795f3.tif
Figure 4.
Changes in the scores of knowledge for three groups.
jkan-41-795f4.tif
Table 1.
Homogeneity Test for General Characteristics between the Experimental Group and Control Groups (N=136)
Characteristic Categories Interactive pictorial (n=45)
Information booklet (n=45)
Control (n=46)
χ² or F p
n (%) n (%) n (%)
Gender Male 21 (46.7) 22 (48.9) 22 (47.8) 10.50 .228
Female 24 (53.3) 23 (51.1) 24 (52.2)
Age (yr) 65-69 7 (15.6) 9 (20.0) 7 (15.6) 5.52 .523
70-74 12 (26.7) 14 (31.1) 11 (24.4)
75-79 10 (22.2) 10 (22.2) 13 (28.9)
≥80 16 (35.6) 12 (26.7) 14 (31.1)
M (SD) 76.0 (6.5) 74.6 (5.8) 76.8 (6.0) 76.0 (6.0)
Education None (illiterate) 4 (8.9) 5 (11.1) 5 (10.9) 6.91 .103
level None (literate) 6 (13.3) 6 (13.4) 7 (15.2)
Elementary 23 (51.1) 22 (48.9) 22 (47.8)
Middle school 10 (22.2) 11 (24.4) 10 (21.7)
≥High school 2 (4.4) 1 (2.2) 2 (4.4)
Marital status Married 20 (44.4) 20 (44.4) 19 (41.3) 1.90 .070
Bereavement 22 (48.9) 23 (51.2) 25 (54.3)
Divorced 3 (6.7) 2 (4.4) 2 (4.4)
Income Low 15 (33.3) 14 (31.1) 14 (30.4) 6.01 .786
Medium 17 (37.8) 20 (44.4) 20 (43.5)
High 13 (28.9) 11 (24.4) 12 (26.1)
Health Very good 5 (11.2) 7 (15.6) 5 (10.9) 2.05 .057
condition Good 12 (26.7) 9 (20.0) 13 (28.3)
Fair 20 (44.4) 21 (46.7) 19 (41.3)
Somewhat bad 6 (13.3) 6 (13.3) 8 (17.4)
Very bad 2 (4.4) 2 (4.4) 1 (2.1)
Number of 0 1 (2.2) 3 (6.7) 2 (4.3) 1.81 .454
medical 1 20 (44.4) 18 (40.0) 20 (43.6)
diagnosis 2 18 (40.0) 12 (26.7) 14 (30.4)
3 5 (11.1) 9 (20.0) 8 (17.4)
4 1 (2.3) 3 (6.6) 2 (4.3)
Number of 1-2 20 (44.4) 17 (37.8) 18 (39.1) 0.23 .891
medication 3-4 18 (40.0) 20 (44.4) 19 (41.3)
Over 5 7 (15.6) 8 (17.8) 9 (19.6)
Table 2.
Homogeneity Test for the Scores of Self-Efficacy and Knowledge between the Experimental Group and Control Groups (N=136)
Measurement Interactive pictorial (n=45)
Information booklet (n=45)
Control (n=46)
F p
Mean±SD Mean±SD Mean±SD
Self-efficacy 26.30±3.92 26.70±3.20 25.33±4.06 5.55 .406
Knowledge 8.36±1.88 8.11±2.09 8.03±1.81 2.60 .267
Table 3.
Result of Oneway ANOVA for Self Efficacy and Knowledge (N=134)
Source SS df Mean Square F p
Self Efficacy* 24.32 <.001
Between groups 734.01 2 367.01
Within groups 2,671.10 133 15.09
Total 3,405.11 135
Knowledge
Between groups 214.21 2 107.11 24.26 <.001
Within groups 781.45 133 4.42
Total 995.66 135

* post-hoc Tukey’s test: The interactive pictorial education plus information booklet group >education only with information booklet group >no intervention group;

post-hoc Tukey’s test: The interactive pictorial education plus information booklet group >education only with information booklet group >no intervention group.

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