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Park: Smoking Behavior and Predictors of Smoking Initiation in Childhood and Early Adolescence
Original Article
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2009; 39(3): 376-385.

Published online: 29 June 2009

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.3.376

Smoking Behavior and Predictors of Smoking Initiation in Childhood and Early Adolescence

Sunhee Park

Assistant Professor, College of Nursing Science, East-West Nursing Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.

Address reprint requests to: Park, Sunhee. College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-071, Korea. Tel: 82-2-961-0874, Fax: 82-2-961-9398, spark@khu.ac.kr

Received 4 December 2008       Accepted 18 May 2009

Copyright © 2009 Korean Society of Nursing Science

Abstract

Purpose

The purposes of this study were (a) to identify smoking behavior by following a cohort representative of the population of 4th grade elementary schoolers in South Korea over a four-year period (2004-2007), and (b) to explore predictors of smoking initiation among non-smokers in Wave 1.

Methods

Secondary data, the Korea Youth Panel Study, was analyzed in this study. First, frequencies or percentages were calculated to identify smoking behavior (i.e., smoking initiation, smoking intensity, and smoking duration). Second, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine significant factors related to smoking initiation.

Results

Smoking initiation and daily smoking were more pronounced when the participants entered middle school. In bivariate analysis, statistically significant predictors of smoking initiation were loneliness at school, self-control, delinquent behavior, depressive symptoms, and stress. However, after controlling for other factors, only a high level of risk-taking tendency and a greater number of delinquent behaviors remained statistically significant.

Conclusion

Based on greater involvement in smoking among first-year middle schoolers, smoking prevention strategies should be provided to elementary schoolers rather than middle schoolers. A risk-taking tendency and delinquent behaviors should be considered as proxy measures to detect the high-risk group for smoking initiation.

Keywords: Smoking, Tobacco, Child, Adolescent

Figures and Tables

Figure 1
Conceptual framework.
*Wave (timing when data were collected).
jkan-39-376-g001
Figure 2
Percentages of lifetime smokers*.
*Those who used cigarettes during the past year.
jkan-39-376-g002
Figure 3
Percentages of daily smokers*.
*Those who used at least one cigarette everyday during the past year.
jkan-39-376-g003
Figure 4
The number of smokers depending by smoking duration.
jkan-39-376-g004
Table 1
Factors Related to Smoking Initiation (N=2,236)
jkan-39-376-i001

*p<.05; **p<.01; ***p<.001.

OR=odds ratio; CI=confidence interval.

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