Analysis of Levels of Health-related Quality of Life and Its Related Factors of Traditional Market Merchants

Keung-Mi Shin; Young-Sil Bae

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.437

Journal List > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > v.30(4) > 1140660

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Shin and Bae: Analysis of Levels of Health-related Quality of Life and Its Related Factors of Traditional Market Merchants

Original Article

J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs 2019;30(4):437-448.

Published online: 12 December 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2019.30.4.437

Analysis of Levels of Health-related Quality of Life and Its Related Factors of Traditional Market Merchants

Keung-Mi Shin, Young-Sil Bae

Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Choonhae College of Health Sciences, Ulsan, Korea

Corresponding author: Bae, Young-Sil Department of Nursing, Choonhae College of Health Sciences, 9, Daehak-gil, Ungchon-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulsan 44965, Korea. Tel: +82-52-270-0173, Fax: +82-52-270-0189, E-mail: youngsilb@ch.ac.kr

Received 20 February 2019 Revised 25 August 2019 Accepted 15 October 2019

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify levels of health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) and its related factors among merchants in traditional markets.

Methods

A cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected through questionnaires and physical examination on blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol and BMI between February 12 and April 13, 2018. The participants were 175 merchants from two traditional markets in U. Metropolitan city. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.

Results

Levels of health-related EQ-5D were significantly different according to demographic characteristics, smoking status, exercise, total cholesterol, BMI, subjective health status, stress, and depression. The EQ-5D related factors were variables that had significant influence on subjective health status (β=.30, p<.001), gender (β=.27, p<.001), BMI (β=-.16, p=.012), depression (β=-.17, p=.010), and working period (β=-.15, p=.021). They explained 27.2% of the total variance of health-related quality of life (F=13.91, p<.001).

Conclusion

The findings of this study indicated that disease prevention and health management is essential for merchants who work in traditional markets to promote their health-related quality of life. For better merchants outcome, the intervention program should consider factors that are subjective health status, gender, BMI, depression, and working period in order to improve levels of EQ-5D.

Keywords: Health, Quality of life, Depression

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Table 1.

Distribution of Health-related EQ-5D Levels according to Demographic Characteristics (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	Quality of life (EQ-5D)		t or F	p	Duncan
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F	p	Duncan
Gender	Male	57 (32.6)	0.90±0.07	16.35	＜.001
Gender	Female	118 (67.4)	0.84±0.10
Age (year)	≤50	32 (18.3)	0.89±0.09^b	2.48	.034	a＜b
	51~60	66 (37.3)	0.88±0.08^b
	61~70	66 (37.3)	0.84±0.10^ab
	≥71	11 (6.3)	0.82±0.17^a
Education	No education	4 (2.3)	0.85±0.11^ab	2.52	.043	a＜b
	Elementary school	38 (21.7)	0.83±0.09^a
	Middle school	45 (25.7)	0.86±0.09^ab
	High school	75 (42.9)	0.88±0.10^ab
	≥College	13 (7.4)	0.92±0.03^b
Working period on traditional market (year)	≤10	68 (38.9)	0.89±0.07^b	3.11	.028	a＜b
	11~20	40 (22.9)	0.85±0.10^ab
	21~30	42 (24.0)	0.86±0.11^ab
	≥31	25 (14.2)	0.83±0.13^a
Monthly income (10.000 won)	≤100	52 (29.7)	0.84±0.12^a	2.91	.036	a＜b
	101~200	70 (40.0)	0.87±0.09^ab
	201~300	28 (16.0)	0.86±0.10^a
	≥301	25 (14.3)	0.91±0.04^b
Chronic disease	Don't have	67 (38.3)	0.88±0.08	6.65	.011
	Have	108 (61.7)	0.84±0.11
	Hypertension	47 (43.5)	0.85±0.12
	Diabetes	17 (15.8)	0.82±0.15
	Hypercholesterolemia	14 (13.0)	0.81±0.16
	Osteoporosis	4 (3.7)	0.91±0.06
	Others	26 (24.0)	0.79±0.14

EQ-5D=EuroQoL-5Dimentional.

Table 2.

Distribution of Health-related EQ-5D Levels according to Health Behaviors (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	Quality of life (EQ-5D)		t or F	p
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F	p
Drinking status	Yes	77 (44.0)	0.87±0.09	1.34	.247
	Nondrinking	98 (56.0)	0.85±0.10
Smoking status	Yes	24 (13.7)	0.92±0.05	3.75	.025
	Nonsmoker	138 (78.9)	0.86±0.10
	Ex-smoker	13 (7.4)	0.88±0.12
Exercise	Yes	58 (33.1)	0.89±0.06	8.00	.005
	No	117 (66.9)	0.85±0.11
Walking	Yes	140 (80.0)	0.87±0.10	0.96	.328
(more than 10 minute/during working hours)	No	35 (20.0)	0.85±0.10
Standing (time/day)	1~3	51 (29.1)	0.84±0.11	1.77	.172
	4~6	49 (28.0)	0.87±0.10
	≥7	75 (42.7)	0.87±0.08
Sitting (time/day)	1~3	94 (53.7)	0.86±0.10	2.76	.066
	4~6	52 (29.7)	0.88±0.07
	≥7	29 (16.6)	0.82±0.10

EQ-5D=EuroQoL-5Dimentional.

Table 3.

Distribution of Health-related EQ-5D Levels according to Health Status (N=175)

Characteristics	Categories	Quality of life (EQ-5D)		t or F	p	Duncan
Characteristics	Categories	n (%)	M±SD	t or F	p	Duncan
BP-systolic (mmHg)	＜120	43 (24.6)	0.86±0.09	0.04	.989
	120~139	70 (40.0)	0.86±0.09
	140~159	42 (24.0)	0.86±0.11
	≥160	20 (11.4)	0.86±0.10
BP-diastolic (mmHg)	＜80	39 (22.3)	0.86±0.09	0.16	.851
	80~89	70 (40.0)	0.86±0.10
	90~99	34 (19.4)	0.86±0.10
	≥100	32 (18.3)	0.86±0.09
Blood glucose (mg/dL)	Normal	138 (78.9)	0.86±0.09	0.17	.837
	Impaired glucose tolerance	27 (15.4)	0.87±0.10
	Diabete mellitus	10 (5.7)	0.85±0.17
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	≤199	68 (38.9)	0.88±0.08	3.74	.042
	≥200	107 (61.1)	0.85±0.11
BMI (kg/m²)	Under-weight	2 (1.1)	0.76±0.01	3.51	.017
	Normal weight	86 (49.1)	0.88±0.09
	Overweight	75 (42.9)	0.86±0.10
	Obesity	12 (6.9)	0.79±0.12
Subjective health status	Very good	8 (4.6)	0.90±0.06^b	19.90	＜.001	a＜b
	Good	18 (10.3)	0.88±0.07^b
	Fair	93 (53.1)	0.88±0.06^b
	Poor	48 (27.4)	0.83±0.10^b
	Very poor	8 (4.6)	0.62±0.15^a
Stress	Normal	43 (24.6)	0.88±0.06^b	4.13	.018	a＜b
	Potential stress	108 (61.7)	0.86±0.09^b
	High risk stress	24 (13.7)	0.81±0.15^a
Depression	Normal	121 (69.1)	0.88±0.08^b	8.04	＜.001	a＜b
	Weak depression	41 (23.4)	0.87±0.10^b
	Mild depression	12 (6.9)	0.73±0.17^ab
	Severe depression	1 (0.6)	0.77±0.01^a
Health-related quality of life			0.86±0.01

EQ-5D=EuroQoL-5Dimentional; BP=blood pressure; BMI=body mass index.

Table 4.

Correlations of Related Variables with Health-related EQ-5D (N=175)

Categories	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Categories	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)	r (p)
1. Gender	1
2. Education	-.23 (.002)	1
3. Age	.14 (.050)	-.48 (＜.001)	1
4. Working period	.02 (.762)	-.47 (＜.001)	.48 (＜.001)	1
5. Household income	-.22 (.003)	.40 (＜.001)	-.34 (＜.001)	-.29 (＜.001)	1
6. Chronic disease	-.04 (.571)	.21 (.004)	-.37 (＜.001)	-.23 (.002)	.15 (.044)	1
7. Smoking	.19 (.008)	-.09 (.221)	.29 (＜.001)	.15 (.038)	-.13 (.087)	-.19 (.009)	1
8. Exercise	.08 (.289)	-.21 (.005)	-.05 (.515)	-.12 (.109)	-.11 (.135)	.04 (.560)	-.12 (.103)	1
9. Total cholesterol	.32 (＜.001)	-.09 (.217)	.05 (.491)	-.01 (.974)	-.05 (.452)	.05 (.443)	.12 (.109)	-.03 (.615)	1
10. BMI	-.04 (.439)	-.23 (.008)	.19 (.055)	.17 (.159)	-.23 (.002)	-.11 (.291)	.02 (.181)	.16 (.104)	-.01 (.985)	1
11. Subjective health status	-.04 (.599)	-.05 (.408)	-.08 (.272)	-.17 (.023)	.01 (.968)	.17 (.019)	-.07 (.340)	-.15 (.038)	-.13 (.077)	.01 (.596)	1
12. Stress	-.04 (.565)	.19 (.011)	-.20 (.008)	-.12 (.099)	.04 (.553)	-.01 (.950)	-.12 (.093)	.17 (.022)	.03 (.683)	.01 (.610)	-.32 (＜.001)	1
13. Depression	.01 (.908)	.01 (.868)	-.18 (.013)	.06 (.405)	.01 (.932)	-.08 (.246)	-.01 (.868)	.25 (.001)	.05 (.510)	.10 (.337)	-.20 (.006)	.36 (＜.001)	1
14. Quality of life (EQ-5D)	-.29 (＜.001)	-.20 (.007)	-.20 (.006)	-.21 (.005)	.19 (.009)	.19 (.011)	-.13 (.086)	-.21 (.005)	-.14 (.055)	-23 (.034)	.37 (＜.001)	-.21 (.004)	-.28 (＜.001)	1

Dummy variables=Gender (male/female); Education (no education/education); Chronic disease (don't have/have); Smoking (yes/no); Exercise (yes/no); Subjective health status (healthy/unhealthy); EQ-5D=EuroQoL-5Dimentioal; BMI=body mass index.

Table 5.

Factors Influencing Health-related EQ-5D (N=175)

Variables	B	SE	β	t	p
(Constant)	0.88	.04		21.00	＜.001
Subjective health status	0.03	.00	.30	4.43	＜.001
Gender	0.06	.01	.27	4.23	＜.001
BMI	-0.02	.01	-.16	-2.55	.012
Depression	-0.02	.01	-.17	-2.62	.010
Working period	-0.01	.01	-.15	-2.33	.021
		R²=.29,	Adj. R²=.27, F=13.91	1, p＜.001

EQ-5D=EuroQoL-5Dimentional; SE=standard error; BMI=body mass index; Adj. R² =Adjusted R².

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