Journal List > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > v.29(1) > 1094952

Sagong, Kim, Bae, Lee, Edvardsson, and Yoon: Testing Reliability and Validity of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-staff version in Korean for Long-term Care Facilities

Abstract

Purpose

To test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire - staff version (KPCQ-S) in long-term care institutions.

Methods

A total of 297 staff in long-term care institutions including nine nursing homes (NHs) and 4 long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) were included. The KPCQ-S was developed following the WHO guidelines of the process of translation and adaptation of instruments. An internal consistency using Cronbach’s ⍺ was tested for reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the construct validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using Pearson correlation.

Results

EFA demonstrated the construct validity of the 14-item KPCQ-S with three-factor solutions, specifically three factors (safety, everydayness, and community) in NHs and four factors (safety, everydayness, community, and comprehensibility) in LTCHs. Convergent validity was found in the correlation with the work satisfaction (r=.55). The KPCQ-S showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s ⍺=.91).

Conclusion

The KPCQ-S is found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring staff perceptions of the person centeredness of long-term care environments.

References

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Table 1.
General Characteristics of Long-term Care Facilities
Variables Total (n=13) NH (n=9) LTCH (n=4)
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Location 11 (84.6) 7 (77.8) 4 (100.0)
 Urban 2 (15.4) 2 (22.2) 0 (0.0)
 Rural
Ownership 6 (46.2) 5 (55.6) 1 (25.0)
 Incorporated 7 (53.8) 4 (44.4) 3 (75.0)
 Private
Operating years 10.85±6.01 12.22±6.74 7.75±2.22
Number of beds 111.69±81.35 72.78±38.26 199.25±88.34
Number of residents per nursing staff (RN+NA) 16.73±4.71 18.16±4.70 13.49±3.11
Number of residents per RN 36.78±34.49 46.45±40.93 19.84±3.73
Number of residents per PCW 11.63±11.84 6.99±4.38 22.08±17.31

NH=nursing home; LTCH=long-term care hospital; RN=registered nurse; NA=nurse aid; PCW=personal care worker.

Table 2.
General Characteristics of Study Participants
Variables Categories Total staff (N =297) NH staff (n=163) LTCH staff (n=134) x2 or t (p)
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Age (year) 49.91±11.32 51.21±10.26 48.35±12.32 2.17 (.006)
<40 62 (20.7) 25 (15.3) 37 (27.6)
40~<50 60 (20.2) 34 (20.9) 26 (19.4)
50~<60 107 (36.0) 66 (40.5) 41 (30.6)
≥60 68 (22.9) 38 (23.3) 30 (22.4)
Gender Female 279 (93.9) 151 (92.6) 128 (95.5) 1.61 (.204)
Education attainment Middle school or less 41 (13.8) 24 (14.7) 17 (12.7) 5.35 (.253)
High school 93 (31.3) 54 (33.1) 39 (29.1)
College diploma 79 (26.6) 36 (22.1) 43 (32.1)
Bachelor degree 70 (23.6) 39 (23.9) 31 (23.1)
Graduate school 12 (4.0) 9 (5.5) 3 (2.2)
Type of occupation Registered nurse 57 (19.2) 17 (10.4) 40 (29.9) 43.37 (<.001)
Nurse assistant 37 (12.5) 17 (10.4) 20 (14.9)
Social worker 25 (8.4) 21 (12.9) 4 (3.0)
Personal care worker 141 (47.5) 95 (58.3) 46 (34.3)
Physical therapist 30 (10.1) 8 (4.9) 22 (16.4)
Others 4 (1.3) 3 (1.8) 1 (0.7)
Total wok experiences (year) 6.89±5.95 6.7±5.69 7.01±6.24 -0.30 (.583)
Current work experiences (year) 3.93±3.51 4.56±4.04 3.16±2.54 3.45 (<.001)
PCC education (times) Internal program 1.55±1.28 1.79±1.21 1.26±1.30 3.61 (.115)
External program 1.09±1.19 1.36±1.23 0.75±1.07 4.49 (.001)
Work shift Rotating shift 151 (51.9) 79 (48.5) 72 (53.9) 7.57 (.023)
Fixed shift 143 (48.1) 81 (49.7) 62 (46.3)
Monthly income (10,000 won) <150 166.63±35.20 164.92±33.70 168.64±36.93 -0.90 (.005)
150~<199 103 (34.7) 56 (34.4) 47 (35.1)
200~<249 118 (39.7) 74 (45.4) 44 (32.8)
≥250 59 (19.9) 21 (12.9) 38 (28.4)
17 (5.7) 12 (7.4) 5 (3.7)

NH=nursing home; LTCH=long-term care hospital; PCC=person-centered care; Missing cases [Age: NH=3, LTCH=1; Gender: NH=2, LTCH=2; Education level: NH=1, LTCH=1; Length of employment with the current facility: NH=4, LTCH=3, Total career: NH=46, LTCH=23, PCC internal education: NH=3, LTCH=1, PCC external education: NH=6, LTCH=1, Working type: NH=3].

Table 3.
Item Performance, Reliability and Result of Factor Analysis
Item Item contents M±SD Corrected Item–total correlation Cronbach's ⍺ if item deleted Total staff (n=297) NH staff (n=163) LTCH staff (n=134)
Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4
1 A place where I feel welcome 4.47±0.86 .56 .90 0.67 0.03 0.06 0.53 0.15 0.12 0.76 0.13 0.08 -0.19
2 A place where I feel acknowledged as a person 4.50±0.83 .64 .90 1.02 -0.12 0.04 0.99 -0.08 0.05 0.96 -0.16 -0.04 0.15
3 A place where I feel I can be myself 4.31±1.11 .52 .90 0.67 0.17 -0.15 0.77 0.12 -0.13 0.62 0.12 -0.05 0.04
4 A place where the patients are in safe hands 4.76±0.80 .68 .90 0.08 0.55 0.17 0.11 0.73 -0.01 -0.08 0.01 0.11 0.74
5 A place where the staff use a language that the patients can understand 4.84±0.65 .68 .90 0.14 0.43 0.25 0.13 0.42 0.28 0.03 0.05 -0.15 0.92
6 A place which feels homely even though it is in an institution 4.75±0.88 .72 .89 0.07 0.67 0.08 0.11 0.68 0.03 0.06 0.30 0.10 0.41
7 A place where there is something nice to look at 4.50±1.14 .54 .90 -0.04 0.72 -0.08 0.04 0.63 0.06 -0.01 0.76 -0.15 0.02
8 A place where it is quiet and peaceful 4.70±0.86 .71 .89 -0.06 0.96 -0.12 -0.04 0.94 -0.12 -0.01 0.77 0.03 0.12
9 A place where it is possible to get unpleasant thoughts out of your head 4.33±1.00 .55 .90 0.16 0.48 -0.00 0.22 0.47 -0.08 0.13 0.46 0.25 -0.11
10 A place which is neat and clean 4.76±0.85 .65 .90 -0.00 0.48 0.28 -0.10 0.66 0.18 0.06 0.07 0.22 0.44
11 A place where it is easy for the patients to keep in contact with their loved ones 4.86±0.82 .61 .90 -0.02 0.13 0.66 -0.12 0.36 0.55 0.02 -0.23 0.51 0.40
12 A place where it is easy for the patients to receive visitors 5.03±0.71 .52 .90 0.01 -0.17 0.86 -0.04 -0.07 0.88 0.06 -0.06 0.76 -0.10
13 A place where it is easy for the patients to talk to the staff 5.07±0.66 .63 .90 -0.02 -0.03 0.86 0.08 -0.13 0.93 -0.10 0.13 0.82 -0.01
14 A place where the patients have someone to talk to if they so wish 40.91±0.73 .62 .90 -0.05 0.11 0.73 -0.01 0.08 0.70 0.00 -0.02 0.78 0.06
M±SD of sub-domai 4.43±0.83 4.67±0.66 4.97±0.61 4.43±0.82 4.84±0.62 5.10±0.57 4.42±0.82 4.22±0.83 4.81±0.62 4.63±0.68
M±SD of whole scale 4.71±0.58 4.82±0.55 4.55±0.58
Cronbach's ⍺ of sub-domain .83 .66 .85 .83 .87 .87 .83 .70 .81 .84
Cronbach's ⍺ of whole scale .91 .91 .89
Explained variance (%) 65.8% 67.8% 70.8%

NH=nursing home; LTCH=long-term care hospital; Factor 1: A climate of safety, Factor 2: A climate of everydayness, Factor 3: A climate of community, Factor 4: A climate of comprehensibility.

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