Journal List > J Korean Acad Community Health Nurs > v.28(2) > 1058457

Koo and Kang: Factors Affecting Smoking Cessation Success during 4-week Smoking Cessation Program for University Students

Abstract

Purpose

Smoking cessation interventions are important because university students are vulnerable to smoking and good health practices during their university lives greatly affects their health status. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting smoking cessation success among the university students who participated in the 4-week smoking cessation program.

Methods

This study was conducted with 101 university student smokers. To identify the factors affecting the success of smoking cessation, a logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results

In Model 1, without the smoking cessation aids variable, when the frequency of face-to-face counseling was greater, the success rate of smoking cessation was 1.70 times higher. In Model 2, including the smoking cessation aids variable, when the nicotine dependence score was higher, the success rate of smoking cessation was 0.72 times lower, and when the number of smoking cessation aids used was greater, the success rate of smoking cessation was 1.40 times higher.

Conclusion

Smoking cessation aids are essential to increase the success of short-term smoking cessation, and face-to-face counseling and telephone counseling should be provided continuously to maintain long-term smoking cessation.

References

1. Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2003; 290(1):86–97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.1.86.
2. Statistics Korea. Sex, age adjusted mortality rate [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea;2016. [cited 2016 May 20]. Available from:. http://kosis.kr/statisticsList/statisticsList_01List.jsp?vwcd=MT_ZTITLE&parmTabId=M_01_01#SubCont.
3. Lee SM, Yun YD, Hyun KR, Lee EM. Deductible health coverage health risks imposed measures for securing resources. Seoul: Health Insurance Policy Institute;2012. October. Report No.: 2012-08.
4. Jeong YH. Lifetime cost of obesity and smoking and long-term effectiveness of health promotion. Seoul: Korea Health Promotion Foundation;2010. December. Report No.: 10-37.
5. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking-50 years of progress: A report of the surgeon general [Internet]. Washington: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2014. [cited 2016 September 14]. Available from:. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/index.htm.
6. Ministry of Health and Welfare. The administration nonsmoking comprehensive measures [Internet]. Sejong: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2014. [cited 2016 May 20]. Available from:. http://www.mohw.go.kr/front_new/index.jsp.
7. Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention. National health and nutrition examination survey [Internet]. Osong: Korea Center for Disease Control & Prevention;2015. [cited 2016 May 20]. Available from:. https://knhanes.cdc.go.kr/knhanes/index.do.
8. Patterson F, Lerman C, Kaufmann VG, Neuner GA, Audrain-McGovern J. Cigarette smoking practices among American college students: Review and future directions. Journal of Ameri.
crossref
9. Escoffery C, McCormick L, Bateman K. Development and process evaluation of a web-based smoking cessation program for college smokers: Innovative tool for education. Patient Education and Counseling. 2004; 53:217–225.
crossref
10. Haug S, Meyer C, Schorr G, Bauer S, John U. Continuous individual support of smoking cessation using text messaging: A pilot experimental study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2009; 11(8):915–923. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntp084.
crossref
11. Whittaker R, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Borland R, Rodgers A, Gu Y. Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009; 4(4):1–22. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006611.pub2. king treatment services: Short-term outcomes. Addiction. 2005; 100(Suppl 2):46-58.
crossref
12. Balmford J, Borland R, Benda P, Howard S. Factors associated with use of automated smoking cessation interventions: Findings from the eQuit study. Health Education Research. 2013; 28(2):288–299. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cys104.
crossref
13. Lee CM, Cho KS, Won SY, Kim Y, Yoo SH, Lee JU, et al. The factors associated with male smoking cessation at short and long term follow-up in smoking cessation clinic: The 2004 trial operation of smoking cessation clinics at public health centers. Korean Journal Health Promotion Disease Prevention. 2006; 6(1):37–45.
14. Kim YS, Lee KJ, Yi YJ. Comparison of the characteristics of smoking cessation success between short-term and long- term success groups. Journal of Academy Community Health Nursing. 2009; 20(2):251–258.
15. Lee KJ, Chang CJ, Kim MS, Lee MH, Cho YH. Factors associated with success of smoking cessation during 6 months. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2006; 36(5):742–750.
crossref
16. Lee ES, Seo HG. The factors associated with successful smoking cessation in Korea. Journal of Family Medicine. 2007; 28(1):39–44.
17. Ha MH, Lee DH. Predictors of quitting smoking: Results of worksite smoking cessation campaign of a steel manufacturing industry. Korean Journal Occupational & Environmental Medicine. 2000; 12(2):170–178.
crossref
18. Lee HS, Song MR. Factors influencing nicotine dependency among college students intending to quit smoking. Journal of Korean Academy Fundamental Nursing. 2013; 20(4):429–437. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2013.20.4.429.
crossref
19. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC, Norcross JC. In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors. The American Psychologist. 1992; 47(9):1102–1114.
crossref
20. Judge K, Bauld L, Chesterman J, Ferguson J. The English smo- can College Health. 2004; 52(5):203–210.
21. Im BG, Kim SW, Kang JH, Yang YJ. Smoking status and expired carbon monoxide concentration. Journal Korean Academy Family Medicine. 2001; 22(5):674–682.
22. Kim YH, Kim JS, Kim MS. Effectiveness of public health center smoking cessation counseling program using the transtheo-retical model. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2009; 39(4):469–479. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2009.39.4.469.
crossref
23. Korea Health Promotion Institute. 2015 consultation manual for smoking cessation clinic in public health center. Seoul: Korea Health Promotion Institute;2015. [cited 2015 May 19]. Available from:. http://khealth.or.kr/Index.do.
24. Heatherton TF, Kozlowski LT, Frecker RC, Fagerstrom KO. The fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence: A revision of the fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction. 1991; 86(9):1119–1127.
crossref
25. Parrott AC, Murphy RC. Explaining the stress-inducing effects of nicotine to cigarette smokers. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 2012; 27(2):150–155. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1247.
crossref
26. Park SS, Lee JY, Cho SI. Validity of expired carbon monoxide and urine cotinine using dipstick method to assess smoking status. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 2007; 40(4):297–304. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2007.40.4.297.
crossref
27. Kong JH, Ha YM. Effects of a smoking cessation program including telephone counseling and text messaging using stages of change for outpatients after a myocardial infarction. Journal of Korean Academy Nursing. 2013; 43(4):557–567. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2013.43.4.557.
crossref
28. U.S National Library of Medicine. The health benefits of smoking cessation: A report of surgeon general [Internet]. USA: National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services;1990. [cited 2016 September 14] Available from:. https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/nn/b/b/c/t/.
29. Jung YI, Kang SH, Kim JS, Moon SS, Park YH. Developing and evaluation analysis of program of open antismoking education for students of university. Seoul: Korea Health Promotion Foundation (Inje University);2001. April. Report No.: 00-53.
30. Rosenbaum P1, O'Shea R. Large-scale study of freedom from smoking clinics-factors in quitting. Public Health Reports. 1992; 107(2):150–155.

Figure 1.
Smoking cessation program overview.
jkachn-28-165f1.tif
Table 1.
General Characteristic (N=101)
Variables Categories n (%) or M±SD
Gender Male 89 (88.1)
Female 12 (11.9)
Age (year) 21.69±2.06
Age of starting to smoke (year) 16.51±2.23
Amount of smoking (cigarette/day) 13.30±6.91
Total smoking duration (year) 5.89±2.79
Smoking cessation trial (number) 3.25±5.64
Nicotine Dependence Low (0~3) 50 (49.5)
(score) Medium (4~6) 40 (39.6)
High (7~10) 11 (10.9)
Face-to-face counseling (number) 2.54±1.04
Smoking cessation aids (number) 12.39±5.07
Table 2.
Distribution of Smoking Cessation Success and Failure (N=101)
Variables Categories Failure (n=59) Success (n=42) p
n (%) or M±SD n (%) or M±SD
Gender Male 54 (60.7) 35 (39.3) .229
Female 5 (41.7) 7 (58.3)
Age (year) 21.71±2.22 21.67±1.83 .911
Age of starting to smoke (year) 16.37±2.21 16.71±2.28 .452
Amount of smoking (cigarette/day) 14.49±7.42 11.62±5.81 .039
Total smoking duration (year) 6.05±2.92 5.67±2.60 .497
Smoking cessation trial (number) 2.92±3.68 3.71±7.62 .486
Nicotine dependence (score) Low (0~3) 24 (48.0) 26 (52.0) .066
Medium (4~6) 26 (65.0) 14 (35.0)  
High (7~10) 9 (81.8) 2 (18.2)
Face-to-face counseling (number) 2.34±1.03 2.83±1.01 .018
Smoking cessation aids (number) 11.24±4.92 14.00±4.89 .006
Table 3.
The Variables Influencing Success of Smoking Cessation for 4-week
Variables Model (1) Model (2)
p ORs 95%CI p ORs 95%CI
Age (year) .497 0.63 0.17~2.36 .486 0.62 0.16~2.40
Gender (Ref. Female) .798 0.94 0.61~1.46 .800 0.94 0.59~1.49
Age of starting to smoke (year) .786 1.06 0.70~1.60 .978 1.01 0.65~1.56
Amount of smoking (cigarette/day) .937 1.00 0.91~1.09 .862 0.99 0.90~1.09
Smoking cessation trial (number) .667 1.02 0.93~1.11 .517 1.03 0.94~1.14
Total smoking duration (year) .777 1.06 0.71~1.59 .890 1.03 0.67~1.58
Nicotine Dependence (Score) .090 0.78 0.59~1.04 .034 0.72 0.53~0.98
Face-to-face counseling (number) .024 1.70 1.07~2.70 .730 0.89 0.44~1.77
Smoking cessation aids (number)     .014 1.40 1.07~1.84
TOOLS
Similar articles