The Prevalence of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Elementary School Students according to the Body Mass Index

Chong Mi Chang; Sang Hee Chun; Jin Yi Choi

doi:10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.230

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Chang, Chun, and Choi: The Prevalence of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Elementary School Students according to the Body Mass Index

Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2015; 26(3): 230-237.

Published online: 30 September 2015

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12799/jkachn.2015.26.3.230

The Prevalence of Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Elementary School Students according to the Body Mass Index

Chong Mi Chang¹, Sang Hee Chun², Jin Yi Choi³

¹Department of Nursing, Yong-In Sondam College, Yongin, Korea.

²Department of Nursing, Choonhae College of Health Science, Ulsan, Korea.

³Department of Nursing, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea.

Corresponding author: Choi, Jin Yi. Department of Nursing, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju 380-701, Korea. Tel: +82-43-840-3959, Fax: +82-43-840-3958, jinred75@kku.ac.kr

Received 8 April 2015 Revised 28 July 2015 Accepted 17 September 2015

(open-access):

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in elementary school students according to thebody mass index.

Methods

This study was conducted as cross-sectional descriptive research using a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 6,398 students at 15 elementary schools located in Y City in Korea. The cross-sectional survey used the Korean version of International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios of body mass index.

Results

The symptom prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis in the last 12 months was 12.4%, 49.5%, and 24.5%, respectively. The symptom prevalence of asthma was significantly higher in the obesity group. The number of those without any asthma symptom in lifetime was significantly smaller in the overweight (OR=0.70, p=.004) and obesity (OR=0.57, p=.005) groups than in the healthy weight group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis prevention programs for elementary school students should include weight control intervention.

Keywords: Student, Asthma, Rhinitis, Allergic, Dermatitis, Atopic, Body mass index

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Grade and Gender on Body Mass Index (BMI) Categories (N=6,398)

Variables	Categories	Total (n=6398)	Underweight (n=374)	Healthy weight (n=5328)	Overweight (n=529)	Obesity (n=167)	χ² (p)
Variables	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	χ² (p)
Gender	Male	3,234 (50.5)	152 (40.6)	2,651 (49.8)	323 (61.1)	108 (64.7)	52.72 (<.001)
Gender	Female	3,164 (49.5)	222 (59.4)	2,677 (50.2)	206 (38.9)	59 (35.3)	52.72 (<.001)
Grade	1	1,777 (27.8)	104 (27.8)	1,459 (27.4)	140 (26.5)	74 (44.3)	50.81 (<.001)
	2	632 (9.9)	49 (13.1)	510 (9.6)	55 (10.4)	18 (10.8)
	3	703 (11.0)	54 (14.4)	567 (10.6)	65 (12.3)	17 (10.2)
	4	1,803 (28.2)	92 (24.6)	1,550 (29.1)	132 (25.0)	29 (17.4)
	5	670 (10.5)	24 (6.4)	567 (10.6)	63 (11.9)	16 (9.6)
	6	813 (12.7)	51 (13.6)	675 (12.7)	74 (14.0)	13 (7.8)

Table 2

Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis Prevalence according to Body Mass Index Categories in Elementary School Students (N=6,398)

Variables	Categories	Total (n=6398)	Under weight (n=374)	Healthy weight (n=5328)	Overweight (n=529)	Obesity (n=167)	χ² (p)
Variables	Categories	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	χ² (p)
Asthma	Symptom, ever	793 (12.4)	42 (11.2)	633 (11.9)	86 (16.3)	32 (19.2)	16.08 (.001)
	Symptom, last 12 months	253 (31.9)	10 (23.8)	204 (32.2)	28 (32.6)	11 (34.4)	1.40 (.705)
	Diagnosis, ever	368 (5.8)	17 (4.5)	305 (5.7)	39 (7.4)	7 (4.2)	4.32 (.229)
Allergic rhinitis	Symptom, ever	3,169 (49.5)	181 (48.4)	2,616 (49.1)	280 (52.9)	92 (55.1)	5.10 (.165)
	Symptom, last 12 months	2,850 (89.9)	158 (87.3)	2,362 (90.3)	255 (91.1)	75 (81.5)	3.78 (.287)
	Diagnosis, ever	2,624 (41.0)	142 (38.0)	2,184 (41.0)	227 (42.9)	71 (42.5)	2.38 (.498)
Atopic dermatitis	Symptom, ever	1,569 (24.5)	103 (27.5)	1,308 (24.5)	118 (22.3)	40 (24.0)	3.28 (.351)
	Symptom, last 12 months	957 (61.0)	67 (65.0)	793 (60.6)	68 (57.6)	29 (72.5)	5.19 (.158)
	Diagnosis, ever	2,020 (31.6)	133 (35.6)	1,683 (31.6)	152 (28.7)	52 (31.1)	4.74 (.192)

Table 3

Multinominal Logistic Regression for Prevalence Influencing the BMI Categoriesp

Variables	Categories	Estimated β	SE	Wald	OR	p	95% CI
Underweight	Intercept	-2.840	0.416	46.627		<.001
	Asthma symptom, ever=0	0.064	0.169	0.142	1.07	.707	0.77~1.49
	Asthma symptom, last 12 months=0	0.425	0.392	1.177	1.53	.278	0.71~3.30
	Asthma diagnosis, ever=0	0.112	0.354	0.101	1.12	.751	0.56~2.24
	Allergic rhinitis symptom, ever=0	0.329	0.673	0.239	1.39	.625	0.37~5.20
	Allergic rhinitis symptom, last 12 months=0	0.076	0.658	0.013	1.08	.909	0.30~3.91
	Allergic rhinitis diagnosis, ever=0	-0.068	0.406	0.028	0.93	.867	0.42~2.07
	Atopic dermatitis symptom, ever=0	-0.730	0.452	2.606	0.48	.106	0.20~1.17
	Atopic dermatitis symptom, last 12 months=0	-0.389	0.473	0.676	0.68	.411	0.27~1.71
	Atopic dermatitis diagnosis, ever=0	0.589	0.409	2.076	1.80	.150	0.81~4.02
Overweight	Intercept	-2.381	0.345	47.519		<.001
	Asthma symptom, ever=0	-0.365	0.125	8.477	0.70	.004	0.54~0.89
	Asthma symptom, last 12 months=0	-0.064	0.255	0.062	0.94	.803	0.57~1.55
	Asthma diagnosis, ever=0	0.033	0.246	0.018	1.03	.895	0.64~1.67
	Allergic rhinitis symptom, ever=0	-0.391	0.460	0.722	0.68	.395	0.27~1.67
	Allergic rhinitis symptom, last 12 months=0	0.230	0.421	0.297	1.26	.585	0.55~2.87
	Allergic rhinitis diagnosis, ever=0	-0.167	0.285	0.343	0.85	.558	0.48~1.48
	Atopic dermatitis symptom, ever=0	-0.077	0.324	0.056	0.93	.813	0.49~1.75
	Atopic dermatitis symptom, last 12 months=0	0.546	0.405	1.810	1.73	.178	0.78~3.82
	Atopic dermatitis diagnosis, ever=0	0.174	0.281	0.381	1.20	.537	0.69~2.07
Obesity	Intercept	-3.324	0.513	41.973		<.001
	Asthma symptom, ever=0	-0.564	0.201	7.871	0.57	.005	0.38~0.84
	Asthma symptom, last 12 months=0	-0.269	0.404	0.446	0.76	.504	0.35~1.69
	Asthma diagnosis, ever=0	1.146	0.484	5.611	3.14	.018	1.22~8.11
	Allergic rhinitis symptom, ever=0	-1.130	0.613	3.395	0.32	.065	0.10~1.08
	Allergic rhinitis symptom, last 12 months=0	0.815	0.560	2.123	2.26	.145	0.76~6.77
	Allergic rhinitis diagnosis, ever=0	0.398	0.430	0.855	1.49	.355	0.64~3.46
	Atopic dermatitis symptom, ever=0	1.914	1.049	3.331	6.78	.068	0.87~52.97
	Atopic dermatitis symptom, last 12 months=0	-2.265	1.067	4.505	0.10	.034	0.01~0.84
	Atopic dermatitis diagnosis, ever=0	-0.118	0.454	0.068	0.89	.794	0.37~2.16

Notes

This work was supported by the Sujigu Health Center grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP)

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