Hyun Ju Choi; Kwuy Im Jung

doi:10.11111/jkana.2019.25.4.302

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Choi and Jung: Concept Analysis of Hospital Nurses’ Job-esteem

Original Article

J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(4):302-316.

Published online: 17 January 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.4.302

Concept Analysis of Hospital Nurses’ Job-esteem

Hyun Ju Choi¹, Kwuy Im Jung^2,

¹Department of Nursing, Kaya University

²College of Nursing, Kosin University

Corresponding author: Jung, Kwuy Im, College of Nursing, Kosin University, 262 Gamcheon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49267, Korea. Tel: +82-51-990-3951, Fax: +82-51-990-3970, E-mail: cgi@kosin.ac.kr

Received 13 March 2019 Revised 1 May 2019 Accepted 23 May 2019

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose:

This study was conducted to identify and define the concept of job-esteem of the hospital nurses.

Methods:

Data were analyzed using the hybrid model, introduced by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. Data were obtained from a relevant literature review and also from the in-depth interviews of twelve nurses with clinical experience of more than 3 years.

Results:

The concept of job-esteem of the hospital nurses was finally analyzed with 5 attributes and 13 indicators of 3 dimensions. The attributes of the personal dimension were professional self-awareness, professional competence, the attribute of organizational dimension was respect and recognition of the organization, the attributes of social dimension were social trust and respect, driving forces of job retention.

Conclusion:

The job-esteem of hospital nurses is defined as beliefs and values used to evaluate or as expectations of self in the job through which hospital nurses van find professional self-awareness and competence, identify respect and recognition of the organization, recognize the driving forces of social trust, respect and job maintenance. This study is meaningful in that the concept of job respect of hospital nurses was analyzed and basic data for the development of a job-esteem scale for hospital nurses was provided.

Keywords: Analysis, Hospital, Job-esteem, Nurses

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Figure 1.

Conceptual structure on job-esteem of hospital nurses.

Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants (N=12)

No.	Gender	Age (year)	Department	Career (year)	Marital status	Education level	Position	Experience of turnover
1	F	34	Ward	10	Married	Graduate school graduation	Staff nurse	Yes
2	M	32	Ward	3	Single	University graduation	Staff nurse	None
3	F	27	Ward	5	Single	College graduation	Staff nurse	None
4	F	31	ICU	9	Single	University graduation	Staff nurse	None
5	F	27	Ward	4	Single	University graduation	Staff nurse	None
6	F	27	Ward	4	Single	University graduation	Staff nurse	None
7	M	31	ER	6	Single	College graduation	Staff nurse	None
8	F	32	Ward	4	Single	University graduation	Staff nurse	None
9	F	35	OPD	13	Married	College graduation	Staff nurse	Yes
10	F	44	ER	18	Married	University graduation	Charge nurse	Yes
11	F	39	IV Team	9	Married	University graduation	Staff nurse	None
12	F	39	Ward	18	Married	Graduate school graduation	Charge nurse	None

ICU=Intensive care unit; ER=Emergency room; OPD=Outpatient department; IV=Intravenous.

Table 2.

Dimensions, Attributes, and Indicators of Job Esteem in Theoretical Stage, Field Work Stage and Final Analysis Stage

Final analysis stage		Theoretical stage					Field work stage
Dimensions	Attributes	Attributes	Indicators	Explanation & themes	Souces	Attributes	Indicators	Implied meaning unit
Personal	Professional self-awareness	One's values and reward feelings in the job	One's value in the job	A sense of value A positive attitude toward oneself Respect from customers Ability to display and increase self-growth The altruism of my profession A sense of accomplishment A pleasurable experience	Miller [7] Park JH [10] Yoo JA [13] Choi HJ, Jung KI [21]	Feelings that one has value and is rewarded in the job	One's value in the job	The pride of always being with the patient The pride of professional work Feel great from recognition by the patient & caregiver
				Feel that nurses do valuable and rewarding work	Lee HR et al. [31]
				Nurses are trusted by patients	Yeun EJ et al. [8]
				Patients trust and depend on nurses	Lee BS et al. [18]
			Feel rewarded in the job	Feel rewarded and proud Rewards and proud of service delivery	Miller [7] Park JH [10] Yoo JA [13]		Feel rewarded in the job	Feel rewarding when saving lives in an emergency Feel rewarding when seeing the patient recover
Personal	Professional competence					Internal maturity	Stress coping and empathic ability Increased responsibility	I am broad-minded even in the face of big things I have a good personality I have a lot of understanding and interest in people I understand the pain of the vulnerable I have self-growth I have the ability to overcome stress Flexibility in handling tasks I have a great sense of responsibility
		Job competence	Skill to solve problems Professional knowledges and techniques	s I have the ability to do a good job My job ability is superior to my colleagues My ability as a professional nurse is improving I have confidence in my skills as a nurse I quickly get to the heart of the nursing problem I can use nursing skills proficiently I think I'm a competent nurse I have excellent decision-making skills	Miller [7] Park JH [10] Yoo JA [13] Lee BS et al. [18] Arthur [31]	Job competencies	Skill to solve problems Professional knowledge and techniques	Skill to solve problems Therapeutic communication skills with the patient Continuously studying and making an effort in the field of specialization Visibility to see patients
Organizational	Respect and recognition of the organization	Respect and recognition of the organization	The status and role in the organization	Feeling of playing an important role within an organization Feeling of being a valuable employee within an organization The high status within the organization of my profession Organizational self-esteem	Miller [7] Yoo JA [13]	Respect and recognition from the organization	The status and role in the organization Admitted importance of the duty in the organization	Changes in the perception of nurses in the organization A change in perception of the importance of nursing role in the organization Organizational recognition and support of nurse-specific tasks Movement to improve treatment within the
				Nurses participate in hospital policy decisions	Lee HR et al. [30]			organization
			Admitted importance duty in the organization	The nurse receives respect as a professional from other occupations in the hospital. Nursing is a professional job with satisfactory compensation and sufficient treatment within the organization Nurses perform their duties independently and autonomously	Yeun EJ et al. [8]
				Play an important role in the organization	Lee BS et al. [18]
Social trust and respect	Social recognition of the job	Social recognition Social value and contribution Help build social relationships Nurses receive social recognition	Miller [7] Park JH [10] Yoo JA [13] Choi HJ, Jung KI [21] Ko DW, Chun BG [27]	Social trust and respect	Social recognition of the job	Socially the difficulties of nurses is recognizes Awareness of social improvement efforts and changes
			Social reputation of the job	Nurses are dedicated Nurses give trust Nurses are honest Nurses are sincere Nurses do valuable and rewarding things	Choi HJ, Jung KI [21] Lee HR et al. [30]		Social reputation of the job	Patient friendly image An extraordinary job that requires a sense of mission and professionalism. Honest and clean image
			Social credibility of the job	Nurses can be trusted Nursing profession is a profession with good social awareness Nursing jobs contribute greatly to society The social status of nurses is high	Yeun EJ et al. [8] Choi HJ, Jung KI [21]		Social credibility of the job	A social contribution in the event of a national disaster Nurse' role is developing and growing in this society
Social	Driving forces of job maintenance	Extrinsic values	Economic revitalization and employment stabilization	Above-average remuneration Improvement of one's economic status Lead a stable life	Park JH [10] Yoo JA [13] Choi HJ, Jung KI [21] Ko DW, Chun BG [27]	Extrinsic values	Economic revitalization and employment stabilization	Economic revitalization Employment stabilization
			Recognized as a professional role	Nurses are recognized as professionals Nurses are recognized as having high intellectual level Nurses are acknowledged to have a high level of intelligence Nurses are recognized for their scientific knowledge. Nurses are recognized for their high skills.	Lee HR et al. [30]		Recognized as a professional role	Job that can utilize the majors An altruistic job that can serve through a career Ease of employment and reemployment The power of expertise Can take care of family health
				Nurses continually develop their own	Yeun EJ et al. [8]
				expertise Nurses demonstrate accountability and integrity as professionals Nursing is recognized as a noble profession Nursing is recognized as unique knowledge and skills that only nurses can do.	Choi HJ, Jung KI [21]
Social	Driving forces of job	Extrinsic values	Admiration of one's	Profession helps to get a spouse Admiration and social recognition all around	Miller [7] Park JH [10]	Extrinsic values	Admiration of one's	Admiration of one's surrounding for the ease of employment
	maintenance		surrounding		Yoo JA [13] Choi HJ, Jung KI [21] Ko DW, Chun BG [27]		surrounding	Nurses have a good perception as spouses Admiration of one's surrounding for professional stability
			Pride of one's family about	My family takes pride in my job	Choi HJ, Jung KI [21]		Pride of one's family about	My family takes pride in my job My family regard my work as a good job
			the duty				the duty
			Position and prospects of the job	Nursing is a competitive and promising medical service	Yeun EJ et al. [8]		Position and prospects of the job	Nurses are vital and necessary in the future society The role of nurses in the future is expected to grow.
				Developmental future as a professional worker is guaranteed	Choi HJ, Jung KI [21] Lee BS et al. [18]

Table 3.

Dimensions, Attributes, and Indicators of Job-esteem derived through Field Work Stage

Dimensions	Attributes	Indicators
Personal	One's value and reward feeling in the job	One's value in the job Reward feeling in the job
	Internal maturity	Stress coping and empathic ability Increased responsibility
	Job competencies	Skill to solve a problem Professional knowledges and techniques
Organizational	Respect and recognition of the organization	The status and role in the organization Admitted important duty in the organization
Social	Social trust and respect	Social recognition of the job Social reputation of the job Social credibility of the job
	Extrinsic values	Economic revitalization and employment stabilization Recognized as a professional role Admiration of one's surrounding Pride of one's family related to the duty Position and prospects of the job

Table 4.

Dimensions, Attributes and Indicators on Job-esteem of Hospital Nurses derived through the Final Analysis Stage

Dimensions	Attributes	Indicators
Personal	Professional self-awareness	One's value in the job Reward feeling in the job
	Professional competence	Internal maturity Job competencies
Organizational	Respect and recognition of the organization	The status and role in the organization Admitted important duty in the organization
Social	Social trust and respect	Social reputation of the job Social credibility of the job
	Driving forces of job maintenance	Economic revitalization and employment stabilization Role and expertise of care Admiration of one's surrounding Pride of one's family about the duty Position and prospects of the job

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