Journal List > J Korean Acad Nurs Adm > v.25(3) > 1129534

Chung and Ahn: Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction among Korean Nurses: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Purpose:

This study was undertaken to understand the determinants of job satisfaction for hospital nurses in Korea. Organization culture is deemed as a strong factor which contributes to overall job satisfaction.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases to identify Korean studies for the years 1998 to 2017. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Ver 2.0 was then utilized in data analysis.

Results:

A meta-analysis of data from 36 studies indicated that the overall effect size of correlation between organizational culture and job satisfaction was moderate (ESr=.36), and publication year was negatively associated with these factors in the meta-regression model. In addition, the magnitude of the types of organizational culture and job satisfaction varied according to size of the hospitals: innovation-oriented culture for secondary hospitals (ESr=.49) and relation-oriented culture for tertiary hospitals (ESr=.46). Lastly, of four different organizational cultures, innovation-oriented culture showed the strongest correlation with job satisfaction (ESr=.50), followed by relation-oriented culture (ESr=.49), and task-oriented culture (ESr=.30).

Conclusion:

Results indicate that nursing organization culture plays a significant role in Korean nurses’ job satisfaction. The implication of the study is that creating an innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in hospitals may effectively promote nurses’ job satisfaction more than hierarchy-oriented culture.

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Figure 1.
Flow chart of preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA).
jkana-25-157f1.tif
Figure 2.
Publication bias by funnel plot & trim and fill method.
jkana-25-157f2.tif
Table 1.
General Characteristics of Studies (N=36)
Author (year) Source Sample size Size of hospital Measurement tool
Organizational culture
Job satisfacction
Instrument (original developer, year) n Cronbach's ⍺ Instrument (original developer, year) n Cronbach' ⍺ QR 's
Lee (1998) T 1,118 Tert Lee MH 24 .78 Taylor et al. (1972) 7 .81 10/H
Chung (1999) J 316 Tert K Kimberly & Quinn (1984) 24 .60~.74 NA 9 .82 9/M
Lee et al. (2001) J 672 Tert Lee KH et al. 13 .54~.80 Lee KH et al. 3 .76 10/H
Kim (2002) T 238 Second, Tert Lee MH (1998) 8 .69 Brayfield et al. (1951) 18 .73 10/H
Lee (2002) T 229 Second Lee MS 25 .86 Slavitt et al. (1988) 24 NA 10/H
Lee (2002) J 950 Second, Tert Lee MH (1998) 24 .68~.90 Taylor et al. (1972) 16 .81 9/M
Han (2002) J 487 NA Han SJ 20 NA Han SJ 10 .79 10/H
Shin (2003) T 271 Second Lee MH (1998) 24 .53~.85 Taylor et al. (1972) 7 .77 10/H
Son (2003) J 287 NA Lee MH (1998) 24 .78 Stamps et al. (1972) 35 .81 10/H
Lee (2003) T 504 Tert Q Quinn & McGrath (1985) 16 .78 Mowday et al. (1979) 20 .80 10/H
Kim (2004) T 100 NA Kim YH 20 .71 Kim YH 15 .62 9/M
Park (2005) T 393 Prim, Second, Tert Han SJ (2002) 20 68~.84 Han SJ (2002) 10 .76 10/H
Yoo et al. (2005) J 255 NA Han SJ (2002) 20 .70~.89 Han SJ (2002) 10 .83 10/H
Yang (2006) J 73 Tert Kim MS et al. (2004) 20 .78 Stamps et al. (1972) 27 .88 8/M
Jeon (2006) T 157 Second Lee MH (1998) 24 .60~.87 Taylor et al. (1972) 7 .79 10/H
Cho (2006) T 276 Tert Kim YJ et al. (1997) 20 .58~.80 Cho KJ 5 NA 8/M
Choi (2006) T 379 Second, Tert Han SJ (2002) 20 .54~.84 Stamps et al. (1972) 41 .84 10/H
Shim (2007) T 230 Tert Lee MH (1998) 24 NA Taylor et al. (1972) 7 .87 10/H
Lee et al. (2008) J 264 Tert Han SJ (2002) 20 .81 Paula (1978) 18 .77 9/M
Choung (2008) T 260 Tert Park SY et al. (2001) 28 .61~.90 Song MS (2005) 18 .91 9/M
Lee (2009) T 309 Tert Han SJ (2002) 20 .61~.88 Han SJ (2002) 10 .83 10/H
Choi (2009) T 292 NA Han SJ (2002) 20 .80 Han SJ (2002) 10 .83 11/H
Han (2009) J 232 Tert Han SJ (2002) 20 .81 Paula (1978) 18 .74 10/H
Han et al. (2009) J 451 Second, Tert Han SJ (2002) 20 .88 Paula (1978) 18 .86 9/M
Lee (2010) T 110 Tert Lee MH (1998) 24 .81 Stamps et al. (1972) 25 .71 9/M
Lee et al. (2011) J 206 NA Lee MS (2002) 25 .89 Stamps et al. (1972) 20 .78 9/M
Jang et al. (2011) J 343 Second, Tert Han SJ (2002) 20 .64~.88 Stamps et al. (1972) 9 .79 10/H
Cho et al. (2012) J 341 NA Han SJ (2002) 20 .89 Han SJ (2002) 10 .89 9/M
Han (2012) T 783 Secon, Tert Kim CE (2008) 19 .64~.90 Park MS (2009) 34 .89~.91 10/H
Yun (2014) T 223 Second, Tert Lee MH (1998) 24 .78 Taylor et al. (1972) 7 .85 10/H
Lee et al. (2014) J 276 Second Han SJ (2002) 20 .54~.84 Stamps et al. (1972) 40 .93 9/M
Choi et al. (2014) J 286 NA Han SJ (2002) 20 .64~.88 Stamps et al. (1972) 9 .78 9/M
Lim (2015) T 160 NA Han SJ (2002) 13 .65~.97 Mowday et al. (1979) 5 .91 10/H
Jang (2015) T 215 NA Park SY et al. (2001) 19 .84 Park SY et al. (2001) 10 .72 9/M
Park (2016) T 293 Second, Tert Lee MS (2002) 11 .80 Stamps et al. (1972) 12 .86 9/M
Shin (2017) T 175 NA Lee MS (2002) 25 .88 Paula (1978) 20 .74 9/M

QR=Quality rating; M=Medium; H=High; T=Thesis; J=Journal; Prim=Primary hospital; Second=Secondary hospital; Tert=Tertiary hospital; NA=Not applicable.

Table 2.
Effect Size of Nursing Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction
Variables Categories K ESr SE 95% % CI I2 Q p
Source of article Journal 56 .36 .03 .28 .44 97.62 2,309.29 <.001
Thesis 90 .33 .02 .26 .39 96.70 2,694.73 <.001
Total 146 .34 .02 .29 .39 97.10 5,004.14 <.001
Size of hospital Prim ‧ Second ‧ Tert 4 .41 .04 .10 .65 94.85 58.30 <.001
Second 32 .27 .02 .16 .38 93.00 442.54 <.001
Second ‧ Ter rt 21 .38 .06 .25 .50 98.45 1,293.85 <.001
Tert 55 .32 .03 .23 .40 97.48 2,143.30 <.001
NA 34 .40 .03 .30 .49 96.46 930.77 <.001
Total 146 .34 .02 .27 .41 97.10 5,004.12 <.001
Types of Second RO 3 .41 .01 .27 .54 68.25 6.30 .043
  organizational culture IO 3 .49 .01 .36 .61 33.81 3.02 .221
  and size of hospital HO 3 -.07 .01 -.23 .09 66.75 6.02 .049
TO 3 .38 .05 .23 .51 90.39 20.81 <.001
Total 12 .32 .03 .05 .54 94.28 192.241 <.001
Tert RO 14 .46 .03 .33 .57 94.87 253.35 <.001
IO 13 .45 .01 .32 .57 87.14 93.34 <.001
HO 13 .03 .06 -.13 .18 97.54 487.08 <.001
TO 11 .21 .07 .05 .37 97.73 440.15 <.001
Total 51 .30 .03 .07 .49 97.60 2,080.23 <.001
Types of RO 31 .49 .01 .42 .55 92.85 419.36 <.001
organizational culture IO 30 .50 .01 .43 .57 85.81 204.40 <.001
HO 29 -.01 .03 -.11 .08 96.67 841.45 <.001
TO 28 .30 .03 .21 .38 97.11 933.32 <.001
Total 118 .33 .02 .08 .54 97.34 4,394.55 <.001
Random effects model 146 .36 .02 .29 .43 97.10 5004.12 <.001

K=Number of the effect size; SE=Standard error; ESr=Effect size r; CI=Confidence Interval; Prim=Primary hospital; Second=Secondary hospital; Tert=Tertiary hospital; NA=Not applicable; RO=Relation-oriented; IO=Innovation-oriented; HO=Hierarchy-oriented; TO=Task-oriented.

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