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Park and Kim: Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools
Original Article

Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2016; 22(5): 480-495.

Published online: 31 December 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.5.480

Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools

Eun-Jun Park1, Myung-Hae Kim2

1Department of Nursing, Konkuk University, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, Ansan University, Korea.

Corresponding author: Kim, Myung-Hae. Department of Nursing, Ansan University, 155 Ansandaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15328, Korea. Tel: +82-31-400-6921, Fax: +82-31-400-7107, kmhheart@hanmail.net

Received 12 July 2016       Revised 19 September 2016       Accepted 1 October 2016

Copyright © 2016 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

(open-access):

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of nursing and caring concepts measured by nursing competencies or caring behaviors tools for general nurses working in acute care hospitals.

Methods

Five major nursing literature databases were used to identify the relevant tools. The study included 19 nursing competencies tools with a total of 843 measurement items and 12 caring behaviors tools with 334 items. According to the International Council of Nurses (ICN)'s Competencies Framework and 8Cs suggested by Roach (1987) and Pusari (1998), the measurement items were classified by two researchers independently first and in agreement finally.

Results

Competency of ‘key principles of care’ including sub-areas of the ICN Framework was most commonly found: on average 49.3% of nursing competencies items and 91.9% of caring behaviors items. 97.0% of the caring behaviors items were classified into one of six Cs: competence (27.5%), confidence (21.3%), compassion (17.1%), commitment (16.5%), communication (9.9%), or conscience (4.8%).

Conclusion

Nursing competencies tools were more likely to measure ‘what to do’ focusing on tasks, while caring behaviors tools were to measure ‘how to do’ focusing on nurses' attitudes or values. Nursing practices should be evaluated with both nursing competencies and caring behaviors tools, considering that nursing and caring were differently conceptualized in the quantitative tools.

Keywords: Nursing care, Caring, Clinical competence, Professional competence, Surveys and questionnaires

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Measurement Tools of Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors

jkana-22-480-i001

Note. ㉠, Face/content validity; ㉡, Construct validity; ㉢, Convergent validity; ㉣, Discriminant validity; ㉤, Criterion-related validity; ㉥, Concurrent validity; ㉠, Contrast validity; ⓐ, Internal consistency (Cronbach's α); ⓑ, Item-total correlation; ⓒ, Inter-item correlation; ⓓ, Test-retest correlation; ⓔ, Inter-rater reliability.

Table 2

The ICN's Competencies Framework for General RNs and Examples of Item Classification

jkana-22-480-i002

*Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

Table 3

8Cs' Meanings and Examples of Item Classification

jkana-22-480-i003

*Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

Table 4

Classification of Nursing Competency or Caring Behavior Items according to the ICN Competencies Framework

jkana-22-480-i004

Unit: n (%).

*Tool N3 includes 13 competencies but 18 items were used for classification because of some competencies were measured with more than one item.

Table 5

Classification of Caring Questionnaire Items according to the 8Cs

jkana-22-480-i005

Notes

This paper was supported by Konkuk University.

Appendix

Appendix

References of the Measurement Instruments Included in the Study

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