Epidemiology of food allergy in Korean children

Taek Ki Min; Bok Yang Pyun; Hyun Hee Kim; Yong-Mean Park; Gwang Cheon Jang; Hye-Young Kim; Hye Yung Yum; Jihyun Kim; Kangmo Ahn; Sooyoung Lee; Kyung Won Kim; Yoon Hee Kim; Jeong-Min Lee; Woo Kyung Kim; Tae Won Song; Jeong Hee Kim; Yong Ju Lee; You Hoon Jeon; So-Yeon Lee

doi:10.4168/aard.2018.6.1.4

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Min, Pyun, Kim, Park, Jang, Kim, Yum, Kim, Ahn, Lee, Kim, Kim, Lee, Kim, Song, Kim, Lee, Jeon, Lee, and Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis Study Group: Epidemiology of food allergy in Korean children

Review

Allergy Asthma Respir Dis 2018;6(1):4-13.

Published online: 5 January 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.4168/aard.2018.6.1.4

Epidemiology of food allergy in Korean children

Taek Ki Min¹, Bok Yang Pyun¹, Hyun Hee Kim², Yong-Mean Park³, Gwang Cheon Jang⁴, Hye-Young Kim, Hye Yung Yum⁶, Jihyun Kim⁷, Kangmo Ahn⁷, Sooyoung Lee⁸, Kyung Won Kim⁹, Yoon Hee Kim⁹, Jeong-Min Lee¹⁰, Woo Kyung Kim¹¹, Tae Won Song¹², Jeong Hee Kim¹³, Yong Ju Lee¹⁴, You Hoon Jeon¹⁵, So-Yeon Lee¹⁶; Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Food Allergy and Atopic Dermatitis Study Group

¹Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea

²Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

³Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

⁴Department of Pediatrics, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea

⁵Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea

⁶Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

⁷Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

⁸Department of Pediatrics, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea

⁹Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

¹⁰Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea

¹¹Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

¹²Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea

¹³Department of Pediatrics, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea

¹⁴Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea

¹⁵Department of Pediatrics, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong, Korea

¹⁶Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea

Correspondence to: So-Yeon Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2499-0702 Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3386, Fax: +82-2-473-3725, E-mail: imipenem@hanmail.net

Received 14 June 201724 July 2017 Accepted 24 July 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Food allergy has emerged as an important public health problem affecting people of all ages in many countries. The prevalence var-ies according to age, geographic regions, and ethnicity. For several years, many studies have suggested that the prevalence of food allergy is increasing at an alarming rate, for unclear reasons. Conversely, some studies have also provided findings that sensitization to common food allergens did not increase. Increased recognition rather than an actual increase in patients with IgE-mediated food allergy might lead to the increases in the prevalence of self-reported or physician-diagnosed food allergy. It is also noted that the prevalence of food allergy differs even in the same region according to the study design, i.e., hospital-based or community-based studies. Despite these limitations, epidemiologic data are important because they provide useful information on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of food allergy. This review focuses on advances in the epidemiology of food allergy in Korean children.

Keywords: Food allergy, Epidemiology, Child

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Table 1.

Summary of studies on prevalence of ever having food allergy in Korean children

Study	Area	Study design	Definition	Participants	Age (yr)	Prevalence (%)
Oh et al.¹⁰ 2004	8 Cities	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	40,429 in 1995	6–15	Symptoms: 6–12 yr (10.9 in 1995 and 8.9 in 2000)
			‘Symptom, ever’	42,202 in 2000		12–15 yr (11.3 in 1995 and 12.6 in 2000)
			‘Diagnosis, ever’			Diagnosis: 6–12 yr (4.2 in 1995 and 4.7 in 2000)
						12–15 yr (3.8 in 1995 and 5.1 in 2000)
Jung et al.¹⁵ 2011	3 Cities	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	919 in 2010	1–8	Symptoms: 21.0 (egg, 5.0; milk, 3.2)
			‘Symptom, ever’			Diagnosis: 6.1
			‘Diagnosis, ever’
Ahn et al.¹¹ 2012	Across the nation	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	7,882 in 2010	6–7 and 12–13	15.0 in 6–7 yr and 12.5 in 12–13 yr
			‘Perceived, ever’
Lee et al.¹⁴ 2012	Jeju	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	25,024 in 2008	0–18	Symptoms: 8.5
			‘Symptom, ever’			Diagnosis: 4.8
			‘Diagnosis, ever’
Lee et al.¹² 2013	16 Cities	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	27,679 in 2012	6–18	Symptoms: 12.6 (egg, 2.8; milk, 1.7)
			‘Symptom, ever’			Diagnosis: 6.8
			‘Diagnosis, ever’
Park et al.¹⁶ 2013	Bucheon	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	1,929 in 2011	6–12	Symptoms: 16.8 (egg, 3.3; milk, 2.2)
			‘Symptom, ever’			Diagnosis: 3.3 (egg, 1.5; milk, 1.0)
			‘Diagnosis, ever’
Park et al.¹⁸ 2014	Seoul	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	16,982 in 2011	0–6	Symptoms: 15.1
			‘Symptom, ever’			Diagnosis: 2.0
			‘Diagnosis, ever’			Immediate-type: 7.0
			‘Immediate-type, ever’
Kim et al.²² 2016	Seoul	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	7,963 in 1995	6–12	Symptoms: 13.1 in 1995, 9.5 in 2000, 12.0 in 2005, 11.2 in 2008, 14.4 in 2012
			‘Symptom, ever’	7,971 in 2000		Diagnosis: 4.6 in 1995, 5.2 in 2000, 6.4 in 2005, 5.5 in 2008, 6.6 in 2012
			‘Diagnosis, ever’	7,131 in 2005
				3,975 in 2008
				3,307 in 2012
Kim et al.¹³ 2017	Across the nation	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	29,842 in 2015	6–16	Symptoms: 15.8
				‘Symptom, ever’

Table 2.

Summary of studies on prevalence of current food allergy in Korean children

Study	Area	Study design	Definition	Participants	Age	Prevalence (%)
Oh et al.¹⁰ 2004	8 Cities	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	40,429 in 1995 42,202 in 2000	6–15 yr	Symptoms: 6–12 yr (6.5 in 1995 and 5.7 in 2000)
			‘Symptom, last 12 mo’			12–15 yr (7.4 in 1995 and 8.6 in 2000)
			‘Treatment, last 12 mo’			Treatment: 6–12 yr (2.7 in 1995 and 2.6 in 2000)
						12–15 yr (2.0 in 1995 and 2.1 in 2000)
Jung et al.¹⁵ 2011	3 Cities	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	919 in 2010	1–8 yr	Symptoms: 10.6
			‘Symptom, last 12 mo’			Treatment: 3.6
			‘Treatment, last 12 mo’
Kim et al.¹⁷ 2011	Seoul	Birth cohort	Questionnaire by allergist	1,177 in 2006–2007	0–12 mo	Symptoms: 5.3 (egg, 2.8; milk, 1.7)
Ahn et al.¹¹ 2012	Across the nation	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	7,882 in 2010	6–7 and	1: 3.3 in 6–7 yr and 4.5 in 12–13 yr
			1.‘Perceived, current’		2–13 yr	2: 0.3 in 6–7 yr and 0.6 in 12–13 yr
			(Restriction, until now)
			2. Confirmed
			immediate-type
Lee et al.¹⁴ 2012	Jeju	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	25,024 in 2008	0–18 yr	Symptoms: 4.6
			‘Symptom, last 12 mo’			Treatment: 2.2
			‘Treatment, last 12 mo’
Lee et al.¹² 2013	16 Cities	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	27,679 in 2012	6–18 yr	Symptoms: 7.6
			‘Symptom, last 12 mo’			Treatment: 2.6
			‘Treatment, last 12 mo’
Park et al.¹⁶ 2013	Bucheon	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	1,929 in 2011	6–12 yr	Symptoms: 1.9
			‘Symptom, last 12 mo’			Restriction: 3.9 (egg, 0.6; milk, 0.9)
			‘Restriction, until now’
Park et al.¹⁸ 2014	Seoul	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire
			‘Immediate-type, current’
			(Restriction, until now)	16,982 in 2011	0–6 yr	3.7 (egg, 0.7; milk, 0.5)
Kim et al.²² 2016	Seoul	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	7,963 in 1995	6–12 yr	Symptoms: 7.7 in 1995, 5.9 in 2000, 7.6 in 2005, 7.4 in 2008, 5.7 in 2012
			‘Symptom, last 12 mo’	7,971 in 2000		Treatment: 2.9 in 1995, 2.7 in 2000, 2.8 in 2005, 2.4 in 2008, not available in 2012
			‘Treatment, last 12 mo’	7,131 in 2005
				3,975 in 2008
				3,307 in 2012
Kim et al.¹³ 2017	Across the nation	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire ‘Immediate-type, current’	29,842 in 2015	6–16 yr	4.1 (egg, 0.21; milk, 0.18)
			Restriction, until now)

Table 3.

Summary of studies on prevalence of anaphylaxis in Korean children

Study	Area	Study design	Definition	Participants	Age (yr)	Prevalence (%)
Lim⁷⁷ 2008	Across the nation	Population-based observation	KHIRA data	11,466,547 in 2001–2007	0–19	0.7–1.0 per 1,000,000 yr person
Ahn et al.¹¹ 2012	Across the nation	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	7,882 in 2010	6–7 and 12–13	0.13 in 6–7 yr, 0.1 in 12–13 yr
Lee et al.⁸⁴ 2012	8 Cities	Cross-sectional	Medical record of emergency department	78,889 in 2008–2009	0–18	0.07
Park et al.¹⁸ 2014	4 Seoul	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	16,982 in 2011	0–6	0.3
Kim et al.¹³ 2017	Across the nation	Cross-sectional	Questionnaire	29,842 in 2015	6–16	0.97

KHIRA, Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.

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