Journal List > J Nutr Health > v.50(1) > 1081544

Lee, Lee, Ko, and Ly: Potassium intake of Korean adults: Based on 2007~2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary potassium intake, Na/K intake molar ratio, consumption of 18 food groups, and foods contributing to potassium intake of Korean adults as well as the relationships among quartile of potassium intake level and blood pressure, blood biochemical index.

Methods

This study was conducted using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007~2010. The total number of subjects was 20,291. All analyses were conducted using a survey weighting to account for the complex survey design.

Results

Overall average intakes of potassium were 2,934.7, 3,070.6, 3,078.1, and 3,232.0 mg/day, and they significantly increased by year in Korean adults. The average dietary potassium intake was close to adequate intake (AI), whereas that of women was considerably lower than the AI. The Na/K intake molar ratio in males (2.89~3.23) was higher than in females (2.62~2.95). The major food groups contributing to potassium intake were vegetables, cereals, and fruits/meats. The two major foods contributing to potassium intake were polished rice and cabbage kimchi. The rankings of food source were as follows; polished rice > cabbage kimchi > potato > oriental melon > sweet potato > seaweed > radish > apple > black soybean. In 50~64 year old females, systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and HDL-cholesterol significantly increased (p < 0.05) as potassium intake increased. Triglyceride (TG) was significantly higher in the other quartile of potassium intake level than in the first quartile (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

In conclusion, our study suggests the need for an appropriate set of dietary reference intakes according to caloric intake by sex and age groups and for development of eating patterns to increase potassium intake and decrease sodium intake.

Figures and Tables

Table 1

Number of subjects for Korean adults 19 or 20~74 yrs of by gender and age : KNHANES 2007~2010

jnh-50-98-i001

1) Data are expressed as frequency and percentage (%). 2) 2010: 19~49 years

Table 2

Daily potassium intake and less than adequate intake (AI) fraction of the subjects by gender and age (mg/day)

jnh-50-98-i002

1) 2010 : 19~49 yrs 2) All values are expressed as mean ± SE. 3) Sampling weight was applied to all values. 4) F-values were based on the results from the complex samples general linear model. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 3

Na:K intake molar ratio of Korean adults by gender and age

jnh-50-98-i003

1) 2010 : 19~49 yrs 2) All values are expressed as mean ± SE. 3) Sampling weight was applied to all values. 4) F-values were based on the results from the complex samples general linear model.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 4

Contribution and accumulated contribution of potassium-rich foods by age and gender, KHANES 2010

jnh-50-98-i004

1) Con% : contribution percentage 2) Cum% : cumulative percentage

Table 5

Contribution and accumulated contribution of food groups towards the daily mean intake of potassium by age & gender, KHANES 2010

jnh-50-98-i005

1) Con% : contribution percentage 2) Cum% : cumulative percentage

Table 6

Blood pressure and biochemical indices according to quartile of potassium intake level in Korean adult aged 20~49 years

jnh-50-98-i006

1) 2010: 19~49 yrs 2) SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Crea, creatinine 3) Quartile of potassium intake (N) 4) All values are expressed as mean ± SE. 5) Sampling weight was applied to all values. 6) F-values were based on the results from the complex samples general linear model.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 7

Blood pressure and blood biochemical index according to quartile of potassium intake level in Korean adult aged 50~64 years

jnh-50-98-i007

1) SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBS, fasting blood sugar; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Crea, creatinine 2) Quartile of potassium intake (N) 3) All values are expressed as mean ± SE. 4) Sampling weight was applied to all values. 5) F-values were based on the results from the complex samples general linear model.

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01

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